The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
ZNSwap: un-Block your Swap
Open accessAbstract
We introduce ZNSwap , a novel swap subsystem optimized for the recent Zoned Namespace (ZNS) SSDs. ZNSwap leverages ZNS’s explicit control over data management on the drive and introduces a space-efficient host-side Garbage Collector (GC) for swap storage co-designed with the OS swap logic. ZNSwap enables cross-layer optimizations, such as direct access to the in-kernel swap usage statistics by the GC to enable fine-grain swap storage management, and correct accounting of the GC bandwidth usage in the OS resource isolation mechanisms to improve performance isolation in multi-tenant environments. We evaluate ZNSwap using standard Linux swap benchmarks and two production key-value stores. ZNSwap shows significant performance benefits over the Linux swap on traditional SSDs, such as stable throughput for different memory access patterns, and 10× lower 99th percentile latency and 5× higher throughput for memcached key-value store under realistic usage scenarios.
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“This approach aligns with recent advances in timing-based entropy extraction, which demonstrate that microarchitectural jitter can yield min-entropy exceeding 0.7 bits per measurement under conservative assumptions19.”
From Raw QPP-RNG randomness via system jitter across platforms: a NIST SP 800-90B evaluation (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
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Cited by
Performance Characterization of NVMe Flash Devices with Zoned Namespaces (ZNS)
Doekemeijer, K., Tehrany, N., Chandrasekaran, B., Bjørling, M., & Trivedi, A. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) · doi:10.1109/cluster52292.2023.00018 · Cited by 25
Self-citationZenFS+: Nurturing Performance and Isolation to ZenFS
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A Survey on Flash-Memory Storage Systems: A Host-Side Perspective
Boukhobza, J., Olivier, P., Lim, W. S., Chen, L.-C., Hsieh, Y.-S., Wu, S.-T., Ho, C.-C., Huang, P., & Chang, Y.-H. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Storage · doi:10.1145/3723167 · Cited by 22
FlexZNS: Building High-Performance ZNS SSDs with Size-Flexible and Parity-Protected Zones
Wang, Y., Zhou, Y., Lu, Z., Zhang, X., Wang, K., Zhu, F., Shu, L., Xie, C., & Wu, F. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors (ICCD) · doi:10.1109/iccd58817.2023.00052 · Cited by 15
Storage Abstractions for SSDs: The Past, Present, and Future
Zhang, X., Bhimani, J., Pei, S., Lee, E., Lee, S., Seong, Y. J., Kim, E. J., Choi, C., Nam, E. H., Choi, J., et al. (2024) · ACM Transactions on Storage · doi:10.1145/3708992 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Bergman, S., Cassel, N., Bjørling, M., & Silberstein, M.
- Affiliations
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
- Western Digital (United States) (US)
- Venue
- ACM Transactions on Storage
- Published
- 2023-03-06
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1-25
- ISSN
- 1553-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-3093
- OpenAlex
- W4319796504
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- ACM Transactions on Storage (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Israel Science Foundation (980/21 and 1027/18)
- Western Digital
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Advanced Data Storage Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Advanced Database Systems and Queries
- Keywords
- garbage collection, cross-layer optimization, resource isolation, key-value stores, Memcached, SSD performance
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: ZNSwap: un-Block your Swap. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/3582434
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- Bergman, S., Cassel, N., Bjørling, M., & Silberstein, M. (2023). ZNSwap: un-Block your Swap. ACM Transactions on Storage. https://doi.org/10.1145/3582434
