The UNIX time-sharing system
Open accessAbstract
UNIX is a general-purpose, multi-user, interactive operating system for the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11/40 and 11/45 computers. It offers a number of features seldom found even in larger operating systems, including: (1) a hierarchical file system incorporating demountable volumes; (2) compatible file, device, and inter-process I/O; (3) the ability to initiate asynchronous processes; (4) system command language selectable on a per-user basis; and (5) over 100 subsystems including a dozen languages. This paper discusses the nature and implementation of the file system and of the user command interface.
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Process management concepts including zombie reaping, resource monitoring through PSI, and checkpoint/restore mechanisms like CRIU provide practical techniques we adapt for agent lifecycle management.
“Process management concepts including zombie reaping [7], resource monitoring through PSI [21], and checkpoint/restore mechanisms like CRIU [18] provide practical techniques we adapt for agent lifecycle management.”
From AgentRM: An OS-Inspired Resource Manager for LLM Agent Systems (2026) · cites this paper as [7]
The solution to security challenges in computing has been to create clear notions of privilege, and attacks such as SQL injections and command injections are solved by not treating user inputs as privileged instructions.
“The solution to these challenges in computing has been to create clear notions of privilege, e.g., operating systems use a hierarchy of access and control (Corbat ó & Vyssotsky, 1965;Ritchie & Thompson, 1974) and attacks such as SQL injections (Su & Wassermann, 2006) and command injections (Zhong et al., 2024) are solved by not treating user inputs as privileged instructions (Thomas et al., 2009).”
From The Instruction Hierarchy: Training LLMs to Prioritize Privileged Instructions (2024) · cites this paper as Ritchie & Thompson, 1974
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- Authors
- Ritchie, D. M., & Thompson, K.
- Affiliations
- AT&T (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Communications of the ACM
- Published
- 1974-07
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 365-375
- ISSN
- 0001-0782 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7317
- OpenAlex
- W2418656106
- Cited by
- 826
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 106.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Communications of the ACM (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › History of Computing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Advanced Data Storage Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Logic, programming, and type systems
- Keywords
- UNIX, time-sharing, operating systems, PDP-11, hierarchical file systems, file I/O, asynchronous processes, command language, Digital Equipment Corporation
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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