AI-Generated Faces in the Real World: A Large-Scale Case Study of Twitter Profile Images
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Recent advances in the field of generative artificial intelligence (AI) have blurred the lines between authentic and machine-generated content, making it almost impossible for humans to distinguish between such media. One notable consequence is the use of AI-generated images for fake profiles on social media. While several types of disinformation campaigns and similar incidents have been reported in the past, a systematic analysis has been lacking.
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On Twitter, 0.05% of profile photos were AI-generated.
“On Twitter, one study found that 0.05 % of the profile photos were AI-generated.”
From The illusion of reality: How AI-generated images (AIGIs) are fooling social media users (2026) · cites this paper as Ricker et al., 2024
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Deepfake Media Forensics: Status and Future Challenges
Amerini, I., Barni, M., Battiato, S., Bestagini, P., Boato, G., Bruni, V., Caldelli, R., De Natale, F., De Nicola, R., Guarnera, L., et al. (2025) · Journal of Imaging · doi:10.3390/jimaging11030073 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The illusion of reality: How AI-generated images (AIGIs) are fooling social media users
Miskolczi, M. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2025.108876 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ricker, J., Assenmacher, D., Holz, T., Fischer, A., & Quiring, E.
- Affiliations
- Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
- GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (DE)
- Helmholtz Center for Information Security (DE)
- International Computer Science Institute (US)
- Venue
- The 27th International Symposium on Research in Attacks, Intrusions and Defenses
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2024-09-30
- Pages
- 513-530
- OpenAlex
- W4402957943
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4
- FWCI
- 22.86
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Symposium on Research in Attacks, Intrusions and Defenses (RAID) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- CISPA Helmholtz Center (cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (EXC 2092 CASA - 390781972)
- Leibniz Association Competition (P101/2020)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Digital Media Forensic Detection
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Spam and Phishing Detection
- Keywords
- AI-generated images, generative AI, fake accounts, disinformation, deepfakes, synthetic media detection, large-scale image analysis
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