The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Concurrency control in groupware systems
Abstract
Groupware systems are computer-based systems that support two or more users engaged in a common task, and that provide an interface to a shared environment. These systems frequently require fine-granularity sharing of data and fast response times. This paper distinguishes real-time groupware systems from other multi-user systems and discusses their concurrency control requirements. An algorithm for concurrency control in real-time groupware systems is then presented. The advantages of this algorithm are its simplicity of use and its responsiveness: users can operate directly on the data without obtaining locks. The algorithm must know some semantics of the operations. However the algorithm's overall structure is independent of the semantic information, allowing the algorithm to be adapted to many situations. An example application of the algorithm to group text editing is given, along with a sketch of its proof of correctness in this particular case. We note that the behavior desired in many of these systems is non-serializable.
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“CRDT convergence already provides the safety property advisory claims need; causality is established by the underlying CRDT [Shapiro et al., 2011] which inherits Lamport's happens-before [Lamport, 1978] for ordering concurrent edits, in contrast to the operational-transformation lineage [Ellis and Gibbs, 1989, Sun et al., 1998] that requires a central transformation server.”
From AgentRoom: Concurrent Multi-Agent Coding in a CRDT-Backed Shared Workspace (2026) · cites this paper as Ellis and Gibbs, 1989
Citations
Cites
Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system
Lamport, L. (1978) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/359545.359563 · Cited by 8,488
Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system
Lamport, L. (2019) · ACM eBooks · doi:10.1145/3335772.3335934 · Cited by 1,982
Beyond the chalkboard: computer support for collaboration and problem solving in meetings
Stefik, M., Foster, G., Bobrow, D. G., Kahn, K., Lanning, S., & Suchman, L. A. (1987) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/7885.7887 · Cited by 1,023
Why CSCW applications fail: problems in the design and evaluationof organizational interfaces
Grudin, J. (1988) · Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work - CSCW '88 · doi:10.1145/62266.62273 · Cited by 961
Computer-Based Real-Time Conferencing Systems
Sarin, & Greif (1985) · Computer · doi:10.1109/mc.1985.1662711 · Cited by 202
Grudin, J. T. (1988) · Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · Cited by 169
Bancilhon, F., Kim, W. B., & Korth, H. F. (1985) · Very Large Data Bases · Cited by 169
Quilt: a collaborative tool for cooperative writing
Fish, R., Kraut, R. E., & Leland, M. D. P. (1988) · ACM SIGOIS Bulletin · doi:10.1145/966861.45414 · Cited by 162
An experiment in integrated multimedia conferencing
Lantz, K. A. (1986) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/637069.637106 · Cited by 134
Quilt: a collaborative tool for cooperative writing
Fish, R., Kraut, R. E., & Leland, M. D. P. (1988) · doi:10.1145/45410.45414 · Cited by 91
Atomic data abstractions in a distributed collaborative editing system
Greif, I., Seliger, R., & Weihl, W. E. (1986) · ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL) · doi:10.1145/512644.512659 · Cited by 79
Shared books: collaborative publication management for an office information system
Lewis, B. T., & Hodges, J. D. (1988) · ACM SIGOIS Bulletin · doi:10.1145/966861.45431 · Cited by 26
Nick experimentation: some selected results (meeting support)
Ellis, C. A., Rein, G. L., & Järvenpää, S. L. (2003) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.1989.49262 · Cited by 15
Self-citationShared books: collaborative publication management for an office information system
Lewis, B. T., & Hodges, J. D. (1988) · ACM Conference on Office Information Systems (COIS) · doi:10.1145/45410.45431 · Cited by 12
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 15 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Bancilhon G., 1985, Proc. Intl. Cony. on Very Large Data Bases, 25
- Bernstein P., 1987, Addison-Wesley
- Proceedings, 1986, Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
- Proceedings, 1988, Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (Portland, Or., Sept. 23-25)
- Ellis C.A., 1988, Tex.
- Ellis C.A., 1988, Tex.
- Ellis C.A., 1989, Hawaii Int. Conf. on System Sciences
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Groupware: some issues and experiences
Ellis, C. A., Gibbs, S. J., & Rein, G. L. (1991) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/99977.99987 · Cited by 2,757
Self-citationAwareness and coordination in shared workspaces
Dourish, P., & Bellotti, V. (1992) · Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work - CSCW '92 · doi:10.1145/143457.143468 · Cited by 2,550
Managing update conflicts in Bayou, a weakly connected replicated storage system
Terry, D., Theimer, M. M., Petersen, K., Demers, A. J., Spreitzer, M., & Hauser, C. H. (1995) · ACM SIGOPS Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP) · doi:10.1145/224056.224070 · Cited by 831
Saitō, Y., & Shapiro, M. (2005) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/1057977.1057980 · Cited by 742
Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types
Shapiro, M., Preguiça, N., Baquero, C., & Zawirski, M. (2011) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-24550-3_29 · Cited by 736
Metadata
- Authors
- Ellis, C. A., & Gibbs, S. J.
- Affiliations
- MCC, Austin, Texas
- Venue
- ACM SIGMOD Record
- Published
- 1989-06
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 399-407
- ISSN
- 0163-5808 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2145220267
- Cited by
- 873
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 12.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACM SIGMOD Record (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Distributed systems and fault tolerance
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Advanced Database Systems and Queries
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › Multimedia Communication and Technology
- Keywords
- concurrency control, groupware, shared data, lock-free algorithms, correctness proofs, multi-user systems
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