The DOI matches its Crossref record; 211 of the 211 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Understanding Galaxy Evolution Through Emission Lines
Open accessAbstract
We review the use of emission lines for understanding galaxy evolution, focusing on excitation source, metallicity, ionization parameter, ISM pressure, and electron density. We discuss the physics, benefits, and caveats of emission line diagnostics, including the effects of theoretical model uncertainties, diffuse ionized gas, and sample selection bias. In anticipation of upcoming telescope facilities, we provide new self-consistent emission line diagnostic calibrations for complete spectral coverage from the UV to the IR. These diagnostics can be used in concert to understand how fundamental galaxy properties have changed across cosmic time. We conclude the following: ▪ The UV, optical, and IR contain complementary diagnostics that can probe the conditions within different nebular ionization zones. ▪ Accounting for complex density gradients and temperature profiles is critical for reliably estimating the fundamental properties of H ii regions and galaxies. ▪ Diffuse ionized gas can raise metallicity estimates, flatten metallicity gradients, and introduce scatter in ionization parameter measurements. ▪ New 3D emission line diagnostics successfully separate the contributions from star formation, AGN, and shocks using integral field spectroscopy. We summarize with a discussion of the challenges and major opportunities for emission line diagnostics in the coming years.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Abundances of the elements: Meteoritic and solar
Anders, E., & Grevesse, N. (1989) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(89)90286-x · Cited by 10,422
The Chemical Composition of the Sun
Asplund, M., Grevesse, N., Sauval, A. J., & Scott, P. (2009) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222 · Cited by 9,346
STAR FORMATION IN GALAXIES ALONG THE HUBBLE SEQUENCE
Kennicutt, R. C. (1998) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.189 · Cited by 6,578
Classification parameters for the emission-line spectra of extragalactic objects
Baldwin, J. A., Phillips, M. M., & Terlevich, R. (1981) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/130766 · Cited by 5,132
Starburst99: Synthesis Models for Galaxies with Active Star Formation
Leitherer, C., Schaerer, D., Goldader, J. D., Delgado, R. M. G., Robert, C., Kune, D. F., de Mello, D. F., Devost, D., & Heckman, T. M. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/313233 · Cited by 4,126
The host galaxies of active galactic nuclei
Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T. M., Tremonti, C., Brinchmann, J., Charlot, S., White, S. D. M., Ridgway, S. E., Brinkmann, J., Fukugita, M., Hall, P. B., et al. (2003) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2003.07154.x · Cited by 3,978
Tremonti, C. A., Heckman, T. M., Kauffmann, G., Brinchmann, J., Charlot, S., White, S. D. M., Seibert, M., Peng, E. W., Schlegel, D. J., Uomoto, A., et al. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/423264 · Cited by 3,608
The physical properties of star-forming galaxies in the low-redshift Universe
Brinchmann, J., Charlot, S., White, S. D. M., Tremonti, C., Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T., & Brinkmann, J. (2004) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07881.x · Cited by 3,290
Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies
Kewley, L. J., Dopita, M. A., Sutherland, R. S., Heisler, C. A., & Trevena, J. (2001) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/321545 · Cited by 2,675
Self-citation
Cited by
Cool outflows in galaxies and their implications
Veilleux, S., Maiolino, R., Bolatto, A. D., & Aalto, S. (2020) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-019-0121-9 · Cited by 466
Larson, R. L., Finkelstein, S. L., Kocevski, D. D., Hutchison, T. A., Trump, J. R., Arrabal Haro, P., Bromm, V., Cleri, N. J., Dickinson, M., Fujimoto, S., et al. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace619 · Cited by 363
The Cosmic Baryon and Metal Cycles
Péroux, C., & Howk, J. C. (2020) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-021820-120014 · Cited by 322
Curti, M., D’Eugenio, F., Carniani, S., Maiolino, R., Sandles, L., Witstok, J., Baker, W. M., Bennett, J. S., Piotrowska, J. M., Tacchella, S., et al. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2737 · Cited by 282
The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. I. Survey Design and Release Plans
Treu, T., Roberts-Borsani, G., Bradac, M., Brammer, G., Fontana, A., Henry, A., Mason, C., Morishita, T., Pentericci, L., Wang, X., et al. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8158 · Cited by 270
Metadata
- Authors
- Kewley, L. J., Nicholls, D. C., & Sutherland, R. S.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2019-08-18
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 511-570
- ISSN
- 0066-4146 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4282
- OpenAlex
- W2956762146
- Cited by
- 530
- References
- 211
- FWCI
- 4.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Understanding Galaxy Evolution Through Emission Lines. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev-astro-081817-051832
- The paper
- Kewley, L. J., Nicholls, D. C., & Sutherland, R. S. (2019). Understanding Galaxy Evolution Through Emission Lines. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-081817-051832
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.