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Current Issues in the Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder
Open accessAbstract
This review evaluates the diagnostic criteria for three of the most common disorders for which children and adolescents are referred for mental health treatment: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD). Although research supports the validity and clinical utility of these disorders, several issues are highlighted that could enhance the current diagnostic criteria. For ADHD, defining the core features of the disorder and its fit with other disorders, enhancing the validity of the criteria through the lifespan, considering alternative ways to form subtypes of the disorder, and modifying the age-of-onset criterion are discussed relative to the current diagnostic criteria. For ODD, eliminating the exclusionary criteria of CD, recognizing important symptom domains within the disorder, and using the cross-situational pervasiveness of the disorder as an index of severity are highlighted as important issues for improving classification. Finally, for CD, enhancing the current subtypes related to age of onset and integrating callous-unemotional traits into the diagnostic criteria are identified as key issues for improving classification.
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“Although ADHD is sometimes considered within the broader domain of externalizing psychopathology, there is support for the conceptual separation of ADHD and conduct problems (Achenbach, 1991;Frick and Nigg, 2012).”
From Deviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology (2015) · cites this paper as Frick and Nigg, 2012
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Metadata
- Authors
- Frick, P. J., & Nigg, J. T.
- Affiliations
- LSU New Orleans (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2012-04-27
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 77-107
- ISSN
- 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-5951
- PMC
- PMC4318653
- OpenAlex
- W2162731592
- Cited by
- 290
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 4.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH059105)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, diagnostic criteria, DSM-5, psychiatric classification, age of onset, callous-unemotional traits, comorbidities, symptom domains, children and adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
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