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Peatlands and Global Change: Response and Resilience
Open accessAbstract
Peatlands are wetland ecosystems that accumulate dead organic matter (i.e., peat) when plant litter production outpaces peat decay, usually under conditions of frequent or continuous waterlogging. Collectively, global peatlands store vast amounts of carbon (C), equaling if not exceeding the amount of C in the Earth's vegetation; they also encompass a remarkable diversity of forms, from the frozen palsa mires of the northern subarctic to the lush swamp forests of the tropics, each with their own characteristic range of fauna and flora. In this review we explain what peatlands are, how they form, and the contribution that peatland science can make to our understanding of global change. We explore the variety in formation, shape, vegetation type, and chemistry of peatlands across the globe and stress the fundamental features that are common to all peat-forming ecosystems. We consider the impacts that past, present, and future environmental changes, including anthropogenic disturbances, have had and will have on peatland systems, particularly in terms of their important roles in C storage and the provision of ecosystem services. The most widespread uses of peatlands today are for forestry and agriculture, both of which require drainage that results in globally significant emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), a greenhouse gas (GHG). Climatic drying and drainage also increase the risk of peat fires, which are a further source of GHG emissions [CO 2 and methane (CH 4 )] to the atmosphere, as well as causing negative human health and socioeconomic impacts. We conclude our review by explaining the roles that paleoecological, experimental, and modeling studies can play in allowing us to build a more secure understanding of how peatlands function, how they will respond to future climate- and land-management-related disturbances, and how best we can improve their resilience in a changing world.
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“The total amount of carbon stored in wetlands and peatlands has been estimated at approximately 1,500 GtC, approximately 30-40% of the global terrestrial carbon stock (44,45).”
From Restoring Degraded Lands (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Page, S. E., & Baird, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Leicester (GB)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Environment and Resources
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2016-11-01
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 35-57
- ISSN
- 1543-5938 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2050
- OpenAlex
- W2246953143
- Cited by
- 396
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 1.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Environment and Resources (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Climate change and permafrost
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Keywords
- peatlands, global change, peatland carbon storage, peatland resilience, peatland drainage, greenhouse gas emissions, peatland fires, methane emissions, CO2 emissions, peatland formation, climate change impacts, land management, peatland hydrology, peatland vegetation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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