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Double-Diffusive Convection at Low Prandtl Number
Open accessAbstract
This work reviews present knowledge of double-diffusive convection at low Prandtl number obtained using direct numerical simulations, in both the fingering regime and the oscillatory regime. Particular emphasis is given to modeling the induced turbulent mixing and its impact in various astrophysical applications. The nonlinear saturation of fingering convection at low Prandtl number usually drives small-scale turbulent motions whose transport properties can be predicted reasonably accurately using a simple semi-analytical model. In some instances, large-scale internal gravity waves can be excited by a collective instability and eventually cause layering. The nonlinear saturation of oscillatory double-diffusive convection exhibits much more complex behavior. Weakly stratified systems always spontaneously transition into layered convection associated with very efficient mixing. More strongly stratified systems remain dominated by weak wave turbulence unless they are initialized into a layered state. The effects of rotation, shear, lateral gradients, and magnetic fields are briefly discussed.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Garaud, P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Corresponding author
- Garaud, Pascale
- ORCID
- Garaud, Pascale
- Venue
- Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2018-01-05
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 275-298
- ISSN
- 0066-4189 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4479
- OpenAlex
- W2717135227
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 9
- FWCI
- 1.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1412951, 0933759, 0807672, 1211394)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Keywords
- double-diffusive convection, low Prandtl number, fingering convection, oscillatory convection, turbulent mixing, nonlinear saturation, internal gravity waves, collective instabilities, layering, wave turbulence, astrophysical convection, rotation, shear, magnetic field
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