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Effects of Southern Hemisphere Wind Changes on the Meridional Overturning Circulation in Ocean Models
Open accessAbstract
Observations show that the Southern Hemisphere zonal wind stress maximum has increased significantly over the past 30 years. Eddy-resolving ocean models show that the resulting increase in the Southern Ocean mean flow meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is partially compensated by an increase in the eddy MOC. This effect can be reproduced in the non-eddy-resolving ocean component of a climate model, providing the eddy parameterization coefficient is variable and not a constant. If the coefficient is a constant, then the Southern Ocean mean MOC change is balanced by an unrealistically large change in the Atlantic Ocean MOC. Southern Ocean eddy compensation means that Southern Hemisphere winds cannot be the dominant mechanism driving midlatitude North Atlantic MOC variability.
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“There air-sea buoyancy fluxes are, somewhat counterintuitively, much more informative than the wind forcing with respect to the meridional tracer transport (Marshall 1997;Gent 2016).”
From Competition between Baroclinic Instability and Ekman Transport under Varying Buoyancy Forcings in Upwelling Systems: An Idealized Analog to the Southern Ocean (2021) · cites this paper as Gent 2016
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“Indeed, they constrain rates of fluid transfer across isopycnals in the mixed layer, hence also subduction and obduction rates at the base of the mixed layer in steady state [subduction (obduction) being related to a convergence (divergence) of diapycnal flux of fluid, Fig. 1].”
From Competition between Baroclinic Instability and Ekman Transport under Varying Buoyancy Forcings in Upwelling Systems: An Idealized Analog to the Southern Ocean (2021) · cites this paper as Gent 2016
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gent, P. R.
- Affiliations
- NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gent, Peter R.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Marine Science
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2016-01-03
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 79-94
- ISSN
- 1941-0611 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-1405
- OpenAlex
- W2097783866
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 12
- FWCI
- 0.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Marine Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Keywords
- meridional overturning circulation, eddy parameterization, eddy-resolving ocean model, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, wind-driven circulation
- MeSH terms
- Atlantic Ocean, Climate, Models, Theoretical, Seawater, Water Movements, Wind
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