The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Primordial Lithium Problem
Open accessAbstract
Big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) theory, together with the precise WMAP cosmic baryon density, makes tight predictions for the abundances of the lightest elements. Deuterium and 4 He measurements agree well with expectations, but 7 Li observations lie below the BBN+WMAP prediction by a factor of three to four. This 4–5-σ mismatch constitutes the so-called cosmic lithium problem; disparate solutions are possible. First, astrophysical systematics in the observations could exist but are increasingly constrained. Second, nuclear physics experiments provide a wealth of well-measured cross-section data, but 7 Be destruction could be enhanced by unknown or poorly measured resonances. Third, physics beyond the Standard Model could alter the 7 Li abundance, although deuterium and 4 He must remain unperturbed. In this review, we discuss such scenarios, highlighting decaying supersymmetric particles and time-varying fundamental constants. Present and planned experiments could reveal which (if any) of these proposed solutions is correct.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
Riess, A. G., Filippenko, A. V., Challis, P., Clocchiatti, A., Diercks, A., Garnavich, P. M., Gilliland, R. L., Hogan, C. J., Jha, S., Kirshner, R. P., et al. (1998) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/300499 · Cited by 19,704
Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 High‐Redshift Supernovae
Perlmutter, S., Aldering, G., Goldhaber, G., Knop, R. A., Nugent, P., Castro, P. G., Deustua, S., Fabbro, S., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., et al. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/307221 · Cited by 18,062
Spergel, D. N., Verde, L., Peiris, H. V., Komatsu, E., Nolta, M. R., Bennett, C. L., Halpern, M., Hinshaw, G., Jarosik, N., Kogut, A., et al. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/377226 · Cited by 10,976
Wood‐Vasey, W. M., Miknaitis, G., Stubbs, C. W., Jha, S., Riess, A. G., Garnavich, P. M., Kirshner, R. P., Aguilera, C., Becker, A. C., Blackman, J. W., et al. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/518642 · Cited by 928
Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies
Hu, W., & Dodelson, S. (2002) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.40.060401.093926 · Cited by 745
Big-bang nucleosynthesis enters the precision era
Schramm, D. N., & Turner, M. S. (1998) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.70.303 · Cited by 353
Coupled variations of fundamental couplings and primordial nucleosynthesis
Coc, A., Nunes, N. J., Olive, K. A., Uzan, J.-P., & Vangioni, E. (2007) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.76.023511 · Cited by 178
Dependence of hadronic properties on quark masses and constraints on their cosmological variation
Flambaum, V. V., & Shuryak, E. V. (2003) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.67.083507 · Cited by 69
Cited by
Dark Matter as a Topological Vacuum Condensate
Planck Collaboration, Aghanim, N., Akrami, Y., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., et al. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1807.06209 · Cited by 3,403
Precision big bang nucleosynthesis with improved Helium-4 predictions
Pitrou, C., Coc, A., Uzan, J.-P., & Vangioni, E. (2018) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2018.04.005 · Cited by 440
CMB-S4 Science Book, First Edition
Abazajian, K. N., & CMB-S4 Collaboration (2016) · doi:10.2172/1352047 · Cited by 434
Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis after Planck
Fields, B. D., Olive, K. A., Yeh, T.-H., & Young, C. (2020) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2020/03/010 · Cited by 394
Self-citationGlobal Lithium Sources—Industrial Use and Future in the Electric Vehicle Industry: A Review
Kavanagh, L., Keohane, J., Garcia Cabellos, G., Lloyd, A., & Cleary, J. (2018) · Resources · doi:10.3390/resources7030057 · Cited by 389
Metadata
- Authors
- Fields, B. D.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2011-11-23
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 47-68
- ISSN
- 0163-8998 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4134
- OpenAlex
- W2116889572
- Cited by
- 452
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Primordial Lithium Problem. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102010-130445
- The paper
- Fields, B. D. (2011). The Primordial Lithium Problem. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102010-130445
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
