The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Why We Kill: The Political Science of Political Violence against Civilians
Abstract
This article reviews the political science literature on political violence against civilians, including genocide, mass killing, and terrorism. Early work on these subjects tended to portray this kind of violence as irrational, random, or the result of ancient hatreds between ethnic groups. Most scholars studying political violence today, however, understand it to be primarily, if not exclusively, instrumental and orchestrated by powerful actors seeking to achieve tangible political or military objectives. Scholars continue to disagree, however, about the specific motives that drive belligerents to target civilians or the conditions under which large-scale violence against civilians is most likely.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Most wartime violence targeting civilians is perpetrated by governments (Valentino 2014).”
From Dynamics and Logics of Civil War (2017) · cites this paper as Valentino 2014
Citations
Cites
“Draining the Sea”: Mass Killing and Guerrilla Warfare
Valentino, B., Huth, P., & Balch-Lindsay, D. (2004) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818304582061 · Cited by 676
Self-citationHandling and Manhandling Civilians in Civil War
HUMPHREYS, M., & WEINSTEIN, J. M. (2006) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055406062289 · Cited by 563
Research works printed but not linked: 69
- 10.1162/isec.2006.31.2.42 · DOI
- 10.1162/isec.2008.32.4.78 · DOI
- 10.1162/016228801753212868 · DOI
- 10.1177/0022343302039004006 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1468-2478.2010.00588.x · DOI
- Brass PR, 1997, Theft of an Idol: Text and Context in the Representation of Collective Violence, 10.1515/9780691217918 · DOI
- 10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.423 · DOI
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014205.001.0001 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00542.x · DOI
- Conway-Lanz S, 2006, Collateral Damage: Americans, Noncombatant Immunity, and Atrocity after World War II
- Crenshaw B. 1990. The logic of terrorism: terrorist behavior as a product of strategic choice. See Reich 1990, pp. 7–24
- Crenshaw M, 2001, Curr. Hist., 100, 425, 10.1525/curh.2001.100.650.425 · DOI
- 10.1177/0032329211415506 · DOI
- 10.1162/isec.2006.30.4.152 · DOI
- 10.1080/13698240701699631 · DOI
- Downes AB, 2008, Targeting Civilians in War
- Downes AB, Cochran KM. 2010. Targeting civilians to win? Assessing the military effectiveness of civilian victimization in interstate war. See Chenoweth & Lawrence 2010, pp. 23–56 · DOI
- 10.2307/2945838 · DOI
- 10.1163/157181193X00013 · DOI
- Fjelde H, 2013, J. Confl. Resolut., 57, 1
- 10.2307/2539081 · DOI
- Gagnon VP, 2004, The Myth of Ethnic War: Serbia and Croatia in the 1990s
- 10.1017/S0003055403000613 · DOI
- Goldstein JS, 2011, Winning the War on War: The Decline of Armed Conflict Worldwide
- 10.1353/sof.2006.0090 · DOI
- 10.1162/qjec.2010.125.4.1459 · DOI
- 10.1017/S0003055403000522 · DOI
- 10.1177/0022343306069189 · DOI
- Hoffman B, 1998, Inside Terrorism
- 10.1177/1043463105051775 · DOI
- 10.1080/09546550701246866 · DOI
- 10.1080/03050629.2012.657602 · DOI
- Human Rights Watch, 1995, Slaughter among Neighbors: the Political Origins of Communal Violence
- Huntington SP, 1993, For. Aff., 72, 22
- Jenkins BM, 1975, International Terrorism and World Security, 13
- 10.1177/104346399011003001 · DOI
- 10.1017/CBO9780511755903.017 · DOI
- 10.1017/CBO9780511818462 · DOI
- 10.1177/0022343309102656 · DOI
- Kaplan RD, 1993, Balkan Ghosts: a Journey through History
- 10.1162/isec.2006.31.1.49 · DOI
- Lake DA, 1998, The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict, 3, 10.1515/9780691219752 · DOI
- 10.1017/S0022278X0001586X · DOI
- 10.1177/0022002708330881 · DOI · Paper page
- Melson R, 1992, Revolution and Genocide: on the Origins of the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust
- 10.1017/CBO9780511491023 · DOI
- Mueller JE, 1989, Retreat from Doomsday: the Obsolescence of Major War
- 10.1162/016228800560381 · DOI
- Mueller JE, 2004, The Remnants of War
- Pape RA, 1996, Bombing to Win: Air Power and Coercion in War
- Pape RA, 2005, Dying to Win: the Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism
- Pinker S, 2011, The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined
- 10.1080/00396339308442672 · DOI · Paper page
- Post JM. 1990. Terrorist psycho-logic: terrorist behavior as a product of psychological forces. See Reich 1990, pp. 25–40
- Power S, 2002, A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide
- Reich W, 1990, Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind
- Sadowski YM, 1998, The Myth of Global Chaos
- 10.1162/isec.21.2.5 · DOI
- Snyder JL, 2000, From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict
- 10.1007/s11133-010-9187-4 · DOI
- Straus S, 2006, The Order of Genocide: Race, Power, and War in Rwanda
- 10.1080/09636410008429405 · DOI
- Valentino B, 2004, Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the Twentieth Century
- 10.1353/wp.2007.0004 · DOI
- Weinstein JM, 2007, Inside Rebellion: the Politics of Insurgent Violence
- 10.1017/S0010417500016467 · DOI
- 10.1177/0032329208329755 · DOI
- 10.1177/0022343310376473 · DOI
- 10.1177/0022343312449032 · DOI
Cited by
Dynamics and Logics of Civil War
Cederman, L.-E., & Vogt, M. (2017) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002717721385 · Cited by 214
Metadata
- Authors
- Valentino, B. A.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Valentino, Benjamin A.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Political Science
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2014-05-11
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 89-103
- ISSN
- 1094-2939 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-1577
- OpenAlex
- W2108078693
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Political Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › International Relations and Foreign Policy
- Keywords
- genocide, mass murder, terrorism, instrumental violence, civilian targeting, ethnic hatred
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review