Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 200Political Conflict and GovernanceTerrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political ViolenceInternational Relations and Foreign Policy

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Why We Kill: The Political Science of Political Violence against Civilians

Valentino, Benjamin A.·2014·Annual Review of Political Science

Abstract

This article reviews the political science literature on political violence against civilians, including genocide, mass killing, and terrorism. Early work on these subjects tended to portray this kind of violence as irrational, random, or the result of ancient hatreds between ethnic groups. Most scholars studying political violence today, however, understand it to be primarily, if not exclusively, instrumental and orchestrated by powerful actors seeking to achieve tangible political or military objectives. Scholars continue to disagree, however, about the specific motives that drive belligerents to target civilians or the conditions under which large-scale violence against civilians is most likely.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-polisci-082112-141937

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 69

  1. 10.1162/isec.2006.31.2.42 · DOI
  2. 10.1162/isec.2008.32.4.78 · DOI
  3. 10.1162/016228801753212868 · DOI
  4. 10.1177/0022343302039004006 · DOI
  5. 10.1111/j.1468-2478.2010.00588.x · DOI
  6. Brass PR, 1997, Theft of an Idol: Text and Context in the Representation of Collective Violence, 10.1515/9780691217918 · DOI
  7. 10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.423 · DOI
  8. 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014205.001.0001 · DOI
  9. 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00542.x · DOI
  10. Conway-Lanz S, 2006, Collateral Damage: Americans, Noncombatant Immunity, and Atrocity after World War II
  11. Crenshaw B. 1990. The logic of terrorism: terrorist behavior as a product of strategic choice. See Reich 1990, pp. 7–24
  12. Crenshaw M, 2001, Curr. Hist., 100, 425, 10.1525/curh.2001.100.650.425 · DOI
  13. 10.1177/0032329211415506 · DOI
  14. 10.1162/isec.2006.30.4.152 · DOI
  15. 10.1080/13698240701699631 · DOI
  16. Downes AB, 2008, Targeting Civilians in War
  17. Downes AB, Cochran KM. 2010. Targeting civilians to win? Assessing the military effectiveness of civilian victimization in interstate war. See Chenoweth & Lawrence 2010, pp. 23–56 · DOI
  18. 10.2307/2945838 · DOI
  19. 10.1163/157181193X00013 · DOI
  20. Fjelde H, 2013, J. Confl. Resolut., 57, 1
  21. 10.2307/2539081 · DOI
  22. Gagnon VP, 2004, The Myth of Ethnic War: Serbia and Croatia in the 1990s
  23. 10.1017/S0003055403000613 · DOI
  24. Goldstein JS, 2011, Winning the War on War: The Decline of Armed Conflict Worldwide
  25. 10.1353/sof.2006.0090 · DOI
  26. 10.1162/qjec.2010.125.4.1459 · DOI
  27. 10.1017/S0003055403000522 · DOI
  28. 10.1177/0022343306069189 · DOI
  29. Hoffman B, 1998, Inside Terrorism
  30. 10.1177/1043463105051775 · DOI
  31. 10.1080/09546550701246866 · DOI
  32. 10.1080/03050629.2012.657602 · DOI
  33. Human Rights Watch, 1995, Slaughter among Neighbors: the Political Origins of Communal Violence
  34. Huntington SP, 1993, For. Aff., 72, 22
  35. Jenkins BM, 1975, International Terrorism and World Security, 13
  36. 10.1177/104346399011003001 · DOI
  37. 10.1017/CBO9780511755903.017 · DOI
  38. 10.1017/CBO9780511818462 · DOI
  39. 10.1177/0022343309102656 · DOI
  40. Kaplan RD, 1993, Balkan Ghosts: a Journey through History
  41. 10.1162/isec.2006.31.1.49 · DOI
  42. Lake DA, 1998, The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict, 3, 10.1515/9780691219752 · DOI
  43. 10.1017/S0022278X0001586X · DOI
  44. 10.1177/0022002708330881 · DOI · Paper page
  45. Melson R, 1992, Revolution and Genocide: on the Origins of the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust
  46. 10.1017/CBO9780511491023 · DOI
  47. Mueller JE, 1989, Retreat from Doomsday: the Obsolescence of Major War
  48. 10.1162/016228800560381 · DOI
  49. Mueller JE, 2004, The Remnants of War
  50. Pape RA, 1996, Bombing to Win: Air Power and Coercion in War
  51. Pape RA, 2005, Dying to Win: the Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism
  52. Pinker S, 2011, The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined
  53. 10.1080/00396339308442672 · DOI · Paper page
  54. Post JM. 1990. Terrorist psycho-logic: terrorist behavior as a product of psychological forces. See Reich 1990, pp. 25–40
  55. Power S, 2002, A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide
  56. Reich W, 1990, Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind
  57. Sadowski YM, 1998, The Myth of Global Chaos
  58. 10.1162/isec.21.2.5 · DOI
  59. Snyder JL, 2000, From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict
  60. 10.1007/s11133-010-9187-4 · DOI
  61. Straus S, 2006, The Order of Genocide: Race, Power, and War in Rwanda
  62. 10.1080/09636410008429405 · DOI
  63. Valentino B, 2004, Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the Twentieth Century
  64. 10.1353/wp.2007.0004 · DOI
  65. Weinstein JM, 2007, Inside Rebellion: the Politics of Insurgent Violence
  66. 10.1017/S0010417500016467 · DOI
  67. 10.1177/0032329208329755 · DOI
  68. 10.1177/0022343310376473 · DOI
  69. 10.1177/0022343312449032 · DOI

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Valentino, B. A.
Affiliations
Dartmouth College (US)
Corresponding author
Valentino, Benjamin A.
Venue
Annual Review of Political Science
Published
2014-05-11
Volume
17
Issue
1
Pages
89-103
ISSN
  • 1094-2939 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-1577
OpenAlex
W2108078693
Cited by
200
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1
FWCI
2.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Annual Review of Political Science (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › International Relations and Foreign Policy
Keywords
genocide, mass murder, terrorism, instrumental violence, civilian targeting, ethnic hatred

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review