Diffusion tensor imaging for understanding brain development in early life
Open accessAbstract
The human brain rapidly develops during the final weeks of gestation and in the first two years following birth. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a unique in vivo imaging technique that allows three-dimensional visualization of the white matter anatomy in the brain. It has been considered to be a valuable tool for studying brain development in early life. In this review, we first introduce the DTI technique. We then review DTI findings on white matter development at the fetal stage and in infancy as well as DTI applications for understanding neurocognitive development and brain abnormalities in preterm infants. Finally, we discuss limitations of DTI and potential valuable imaging techniques for studying white matter myelination.
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HPA axis activity trajectory develops from infancy to early adulthood and beyond.
“The HPA axis activity trajectory develops from infancy to early adulthood and beyond.”
From Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation (2019) · cites this paper as [99]
The Introduction and White Matter Development in Early Life sections discuss brain growth and white-matter maturation, not HPA-axis activity. Searches for “HPA axis,” “hypothalamic pituitary adrenal,” and “cortisol” found no passage addressing its trajectory from infancy through adulthood. (LLM, conf=0.77)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe amygdala and hippocampus also develop during the same period following non-linear patterns until early adulthood.
“Together with the HPA axis, however, the amygdala and the hippocampus also develop during the same period following non-linear patterns until early adulthood (96–100).”
From Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation (2019) · cites this paper as [99]
The Fetal Brain Development and Infant Brain Networks sections mention the hippocampus in fetal and neonatal brains, but give no developmental trajectory for it or the amygdala. The only nonlinear trajectory found is for a myelin measure from infancy to childhood (Beyond Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging); it does not establish nonlinear development of either structure until early adulthood. Searched for amygdala, nonlinear development, and early adulthood. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMajor white matter tracts such as the corpus callosum, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, arcuate and cingulum are present at birth, indicating that most brain wiring is established prenatally.
“Diffusion imaging studies find that major white matter tracts such as the corpus callosum, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, arcuate, and cingulum are present at the time of birth, indicating that most of the ‘wiring’ of the brain is established during prenatal brain development31 (Fig. 1).”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [31]
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References 135 · Cited by 238
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Leutscher-Broekman B Wang C Rifkin-Graboi A Chong Y-S Kwek K Association between gestational age and neonatal brain microstructure PLOS ONE 2014 In press PMC4275243 25535959
- Volpe JJ Neurology of the Newborn 2008 Saunders Philadelphia, PA
- Authors
- Qiu, A., Mori, S., & Miller, M. I.
- Affiliations
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-01-03
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 853-876
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- PMC
- PMC4474038
- OpenAlex
- W2163636279
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (P41EB015909, R01EB000975)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Keywords
- diffusion tensor imaging, brain development, white matter development, fetal brain, infancy, neurocognitive development, preterm infants, brain abnormalities, white matter myelination, gestation
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Child Development, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, White Matter
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