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STARCH DEGRADATION
Abstract
Recent research reveals that starch degradation in Arabidopsis leaves at night is significantly different from the “textbook” version of this process. Although parts of the pathway are now understood, other parts remain to be discovered. Glucans derived from starch granules are hydrolyzed via β-amylase to maltose, which is exported from the chloroplast. In the cytosol maltose is the substrate for a transglucosylation reaction, producing glucose and a glucosylated acceptor molecule. The enzyme that attacks the starch granule to release glucans is not known, nor is the nature of the cytosolic acceptor molecule. An Arabidopsis-type pathway may operate in leaves of other species, and in nonphotosynthetic organs that accumulate starch transiently. However, in starch-storing organs such as cereal endosperms and legume seeds, the process differs from that in Arabidopsis and may more closely resemble the textbook pathway. We discuss the differences in relation to the biology of each system.
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Citations
Cited by
SUGAR SENSING AND SIGNALING IN PLANTS: Conserved and Novel Mechanisms
Rolland, F., Baena-Gonzalez, E., & Sheen, J. (2006) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105441 · Cited by 2,328
Genetic Engineering of Algae for Enhanced Biofuel Production
Radakovits, R., Jinkerson, R. E., Darzins, A., & Posewitz, M. C. (2010) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.00364-09 · Cited by 1,142
Starch: its metabolism, evolution, and biotechnological modification in plants
Zeeman, S. C., Kossmann, J., & Smith, A. M. (2010) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112301 · Cited by 1,095
Self-citationLight Regulation of Stomatal Movement
Shimazaki, K.-I., Doi, M., Assmann, S. M., & Kinoshita, T. (2007) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105434 · Cited by 915
Altered circadian rhythms regulate growth vigour in hybrids and allopolyploids
Ni, Z., Kim, E.-D., Ha, M., Lackey, E., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Sun, Q., & Chen, Z. J. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07523 · Cited by 677
Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, A. M., Zeeman, S. C., & Smith, S. M.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Plant Biology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2005-06-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 73-98
- ISSN
- 1543-5008 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2123
- OpenAlex
- W4210512871
- Cited by
- 522
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 2.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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