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STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND FORMATION OF BIOLOGICAL IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS
Abstract
Iron-sulfur [Fe-S] clusters are ubiquitous and evolutionary ancient prosthetic groups that are required to sustain fundamental life processes. Owing to their remarkable structural plasticity and versatile chemical/electronic features [Fe-S] clusters participate in electron transfer, substrate binding/activation, iron/sulfur storage, regulation of gene expression, and enzyme activity. Formation of intracellular [Fe-S] clusters does not occur spontaneously but requires a complex biosynthetic machinery. Three different types of [Fe-S] cluster biosynthetic systems have been discovered, and all of them are mechanistically unified by the requirement for a cysteine desulfurase and the participation of an [Fe-S] cluster scaffolding protein. Important mechanistic questions related to [Fe-S] cluster biosynthesis involve the molecular details of how [Fe-S] clusters are assembled on scaffold proteins, how [Fe-S] clusters are transferred from scaffolds to target proteins, how various accessory proteins participate in [Fe-S] protein maturation, and how the biosynthetic process is regulated.
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“Fe-S clusters are ubiquitous, inorganic co-factors that contribute to a wide range of cellular pathways from genome integrity and gene regulation to energy production and immune responses, and are required for numerous biological functions, particularly enzymatic activity (Beinert, 2000; Johnson et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2009; Fuss et al., 2015).”
From The Role of Iron Regulation in Immunometabolism and Immune-Related Disease (2019) · cites this paper as Johnson et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“iron can act alone or in iron–sulfur clusters as a prosthetic moiety for members of the oxidoreductase, nitrogenase, hydrogenase, dehydrogenase, and hydratase enzyme families [7–12].”
From Heme Synthesis and Acquisition in Bacterial Pathogens (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
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A π-Helix Switch Selective for Porphyrin Deprotonation and Product Release in Human Ferrochelatase
Medlock, A. E., Dailey, T. A., Ross, T. A., Dailey, H. A., & Lanzilotta, W. N. (2007) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.08.040 · Cited by 77
Binding of Histidine in the (Cys)3(His)1-Coordinated [2Fe−2S] Cluster of Human mitoNEET
Dicus, M. M., Conlan, A. R., Nechushtai, R., Jennings, P. A., Paddock, M. L., Britt, R. D., & Stoll, S. (2010) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja909359g · Cited by 77
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A Role for IOP1 in Mammalian Cytosolic Iron-Sulfur Protein Biogenesis
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Reprint of: Iron/sulfur proteins biogenesis in prokaryotes: Formation, regulation and diversity
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Frataxin Accelerates [2Fe-2S] Cluster Formation on the Human Fe–S Assembly Complex
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From the discovery to molecular understanding of cellular iron-sulfur protein biogenesis
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Dahl, J., Radon, C., Bühning, M., Nimtz, M., Leichert, L. I. O., Denis, Y., Jourlin‐Castelli, C., Iobbi‐Nivol, C., Méjean, V., & Leimkühler, S. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.431569 · Cited by 75
“In Escherichia coli, the iron-sulfur cluster (ISC)(2) system fulfills a housekeeping function (3).”
BackgroundMolecular view of an electron transfer process essential for iron–sulfur protein biogenesis
Banci, L., Bertini, I., Calderone, V., Ciofi‐Baffoni, S., Giachetti, A., Jaiswal, D., Mikołajczyk, M., Piccioli, M., & Winkelmann, J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1302378110 · Cited by 75
“Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc 48(1):25–45.”
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“Iron–sulphur clusters are nature’s most fascinating, ubiquitous, evolutionary ancient and are among the most structurally and functionally versatile cofactors in biology (Beinert et al., 1997; Johnson et al., 2005).”
BackgroundIron–sulfur clusters biogenesis by the SUF machinery: close to the molecular mechanism understanding
Pérard, J., & de Choudens, S. O. (2017) · JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00775-017-1527-3 · Cited by 83
Biosynthesis of nitrogenase FeMoco
Hu, Y., & Ribbe, M. W. (2010) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.018 · Cited by 74
The Impact of O2 on the Fe–S Cluster Biogenesis Requirements of Escherichia coli FNR
Mettert, E. L., Outten, F. W., Wanta, B. T., & Kiley, P. J. (2008) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.09.080 · Cited by 73
Role of IscX in Iron–Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis in Escherichia coli
Kim, J. H., Bothe, J. R., Frederick, R. O., Holder, J. C., & Markley, J. L. (2014) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja501260h · Cited by 73
Duan, X., Yang, J., Ren, B., Tan, G., & Ding, H. (2008) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20081423 · Cited by 74
Heavy chalcogenide-transition metal clusters as coordination polymer nodes
Xie, J., Wang, L., & Anderson, J. S. (2020) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d0sc03429k · Cited by 75
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“coli, apo-IscR will increase the transcription of the isc gene cluster, and together with OxyR it will also stimulate the production of oxidation-resistant Suf proteins [46].”
Iron–sulfur clusters: from metals through mitochondria biogenesis to disease
Cardenas‐Rodriguez, M., Chatzi, A., & Tokatlidis, K. (2018) · JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00775-018-1548-6 · Cited by 76
“In addition, loss of one Fe ions of that form leads to the non-symmetrical [3Fe–4S] structure [10].”
BackgroundBennett, E. M., Murray, J. W., & Isalan, M. (2023) · BioDesign Research · doi:10.34133/bdr.0005 · Cited by 79
Ma, J., Haldar, S., Khan, M. A., Sharma, S. D., Merrick, W. C., Theil, E. C., & Goss, D. J. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1120045109 · Cited by 72
Kim, K.-D., Chung, W., Kim, H.-J., Lee, K.-C., & Roe, J. (2010) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.051 · Cited by 71
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Using synthetic biology to increase nitrogenase activity
Li, X., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Shi, H., & Chen, S. (2016) · Microbial Cell Factories · doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0442-6 · Cited by 71
“coli has two ironsulfur cluster assembly systems: the sufABCDSE operon and the isc system composed of iscR, iscS, iscU, iscA, hscB, hscA, fdx, and orf3 [17].”
BackgroundAnaerobic Copper Toxicity and Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis in Escherichia coli
Tan, G., Yang, J., Li, T., Jin, Z., Sun, S., Li, X., Lin, C., Li, J., Zhou, H., Lyu, J., et al. (2017) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00867-17 · Cited by 76
“Since iron-sulfur proteins are involved in diverse and vital physiological processes (17, 18), inactivation of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis by copper would have a broad effect on cellular functions under anaerobic conditions.”
BackgroundNicolet, Y., Rohac, R., Martin, L., & Fontecilla-Camps, J. C. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1302388110 · Cited by 70
“They can be involved in electron transfer, substrate binding and activation, be used as stress sensors to regulate gene expression or simply play a structural role (1).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnson, D. C., Dean, D. R., Smith, A. D., & Johnson, M. K.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Tech (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- ORCID
- Dean, Dennis R.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2005-06-01
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 247-281
- ISSN
- 0066-4154 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4509
- OpenAlex
- W2116472408
- Cited by
- 1,438
- References
- 209
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 73 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 74
- FWCI
- 7.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM62524)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry and Materials
- Keywords
- iron-sulfur clusters, Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, cysteine desulfurase, cluster assembly, protein maturation, electron transfer, prosthetic groups, gene expression regulation, enzyme activity
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Bacterial Proteins, Carrier Proteins, Escherichia coli, Genes, Bacterial, Iron-Sulfur Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Nitrogenase, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Escherichia coli Proteins
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