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STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND FORMATION OF BIOLOGICAL IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS
Abstract
Iron-sulfur [Fe-S] clusters are ubiquitous and evolutionary ancient prosthetic groups that are required to sustain fundamental life processes. Owing to their remarkable structural plasticity and versatile chemical/electronic features [Fe-S] clusters participate in electron transfer, substrate binding/activation, iron/sulfur storage, regulation of gene expression, and enzyme activity. Formation of intracellular [Fe-S] clusters does not occur spontaneously but requires a complex biosynthetic machinery. Three different types of [Fe-S] cluster biosynthetic systems have been discovered, and all of them are mechanistically unified by the requirement for a cysteine desulfurase and the participation of an [Fe-S] cluster scaffolding protein. Important mechanistic questions related to [Fe-S] cluster biosynthesis involve the molecular details of how [Fe-S] clusters are assembled on scaffold proteins, how [Fe-S] clusters are transferred from scaffolds to target proteins, how various accessory proteins participate in [Fe-S] protein maturation, and how the biosynthetic process is regulated.
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“Fe-S clusters are ubiquitous, inorganic co-factors that contribute to a wide range of cellular pathways from genome integrity and gene regulation to energy production and immune responses, and are required for numerous biological functions, particularly enzymatic activity (Beinert, 2000; Johnson et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2009; Fuss et al., 2015).”
From The Role of Iron Regulation in Immunometabolism and Immune-Related Disease (2019) · cites this paper as Johnson et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“iron can act alone or in iron–sulfur clusters as a prosthetic moiety for members of the oxidoreductase, nitrogenase, hydrogenase, dehydrogenase, and hydratase enzyme families [7–12].”
From Heme Synthesis and Acquisition in Bacterial Pathogens (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
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IBA57 mutations abrogate iron-sulfur cluster assembly leading to cavitating leukoencephalopathy
Ishiyama, A., Sakai, C., Matsushima, Y., Noguchi, S., Mitsuhashi, S., Endo, Y., Hayashi, Y. K., Saito, Y., Nakagawa, E., Komaki, H., et al. (2017) · Neurology Genetics · doi:10.1212/nxg.0000000000000184 · Cited by 40
Nonaka, A., Yamamoto, H., Kamiya, N., Kotani, H., Yamakawa, H., Tsujimoto, R., & Fujita, Y. (2019) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00495 · Cited by 40
“In the first stage, a sulfur atom is released from Cys by Cys desulfurase (NifS), and a precursor cluster is assembled on NifU (Johnson et al., 2005).”
BackgroundIron–Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis and Iron Homeostasis in Cyanobacteria
Gao, F. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00165 · Cited by 43
Khatun, S., Biswas, S., Binoy, A., Podder, A., Mishra, N., & Bhuniya, S. (2020) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111943 · Cited by 40
Turning Saccharomyces cerevisiae into a Frataxin-Independent Organism
Yoon, H., Knight, S. A. B., Pandey, A., Pain, J., Turkarslan, S., Pain, D., & Dancis, A. (2015) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005135 · Cited by 40
“Iron-sulfur cluster intermediates contain iron and sulfur bound to the Isu1 scaffold in a [Fe2S2] configuration [8].”
BackgroundSrour, B., Gervason, S., Hoock, M. H., Monfort, B., Want, K., Larkem, D., Trabelsi, N., Landrot, G., Zitolo, A., Fonda, E., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.2c06338 · Cited by 40
Methods for Studying Iron Metabolism in Yeast Mitochondria
Molik, S., Lill, R., & Mühlenhoff, U. (2007) · Methods in cell biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-679x(06)80013-0 · Cited by 40
Genome-wide transcriptional response of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) pst mutant
Crépin, S., Lamarche, M. G., Garneau, P., Séguin, J., Proulx, J., Dozois, C. M., & Harel, J. (2008) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-568 · Cited by 40
“Iron-sulfur cluster complexes play several important roles in cellular processes, such as iron storage, electron transfer and regulation of enzyme activity and gene expression [49].”
BackgroundTodorović, S., Justino, M. C., Wellenreuther, G., Hildebrandt, P., Murgida, D. H., Meyer‐Klaucke, W., & Saraiva, L. M. (2008) · JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00775-008-0362-y · Cited by 40
Siderophore-controlled Iron Assimilation in the Enterobacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi
Expert, D., Boughammoura, A., & Franza, T. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m807749200 · Cited by 40
Tryptophan-to-heme electron transfer in ferrous myoglobins
Monni, R., Haddad, A. A., van Mourik, F., Auböck, G., & Chergui, M. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1423186112 · Cited by 40
“E transfer plays a fundamental role in many biological systems (1–3) ranging from photosynthetic proteins (4) to iron–sulfur (5), copper (6), and heme (7, 8) proteins.”
BackgroundAlamuri, P., Mehta, N. S., Burk, A., & Maier, R. J. (2006) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00104-06 · Cited by 40
“NifS belongs to the crucial IscS family of proteins, which is involved in Fe-S cluster formation (12).”
BackgroundCritical Role of Dispensable Genes inMycoplasma agalactiaeInteraction with Mammalian Cells
Baranowski, É., Guiral, S., Sagné, E., Skapski, A., & Citti, C. (2010) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01195-09 · Cited by 40
“Documented in various organisms (14, 26), [Fe-S] cluster assembly systems are poorly understood in Gram-positive bacteria.”
BackgroundBitoun, J. P., Wu, G., & Ding, H. (2008) · BioMetals · doi:10.1007/s10534-008-9154-7 · Cited by 39
“…which are highly conserved from bacteria J. P. Bitoun G. Wu H. Ding (&) Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA e-mail: hding@lsu.edu to humans (Johnson et al. 2005; Rouault and Tong 2005; Lill and Muhlenhoff 2006).”
Spectroscopic and Functional Characterization of Iron-Bound Forms of Azotobacter vinelandiiNifIscA
Mapolelo, D. T., Zhang, B., Naik, S., Huynh, B. H., & Johnson, M. K. (2012) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi300664j · Cited by 39
Long, S., Jirků, M., Ayala, F. J., & Lukeš, J. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0806762105 · Cited by 39
“The bacterial homologue of frataxin, CyaY, is evolutionarily rather divergent from it; moreover, CyaY is not essential, because prokaryotes operate several functionally distinct Fe-S cluster assembly pathways (8, 9).”
BackgroundLong, S., Changmai, P., Tsaousis, A. D., Skalický, T., Verner, Z., Wen, Y., Roger, A. J., & Lukeš, J. (2011) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07769.x · Cited by 39
“…underestimate because numerous other Fe-S clusterdependent functions are continuously being elucidated and more proteins than previously appreciated have been shown to possess the evolutionarily ancient Fe-S cofactors (Johnson et al., 2005; Lill and Mühlenhoff, 2005; Fontecave, 2006; Lill, 2009).”
BackgroundCueto, R., Zhang, L., Shan, H., Huang, X. B., Li, X., Li, Y., Lopez, J., Yang, W. Y., Lavallee, M., Yu, C. C., et al. (2018) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2018.03.015 · Cited by 40
Huang, L., Chen, Y., Zhao, Y. Q., Wang, Y., Xiong, J., Zhang, J. J., Wu, X., & Zhou, Y. M. (2020) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2020.06.006 · Cited by 39
Rational Design of a Miniature Photocatalytic CO2-Reducing Enzyme
Kang, F., Yu, L., Xia, Y. Q., Yu, M., Xia, L., Wang, Y., Yang, L., Wang, T., Gong, W., Tian, C., et al. (2021) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.1c00287 · Cited by 41
Iron–Sulphur Clusters, Their Biosynthesis, and Biological Functions in Protozoan Parasites
Ali, V., & Nozaki, T. (2013) · Advances in Parasitology/Advances in parasitology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407705-8.00001-x · Cited by 41
Lambert, A. R., Sussman, D. R., Shen, B. W., Maunus, R. E., Nix, J. C., Samuelson, J. C., Xu, S.-Y., & Stoddard, B. L. (2008) · Structure · doi:10.1016/j.str.2008.01.017 · Cited by 39
“Such iron centers have been shown to be one-electron carriers, and Fe/S clusters are often found in components of electron transport chains, such as those found in photosynthesis and aerobic respiration ( Johnson et al., 2005 ).”
BackgroundPereira, P. M., He, Q., Xavier, A. V., Zhou, J. Z., Pereira, I. A. C., & Louro, R. O. (2007) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-007-0335-5 · Cited by 39
“The observed up-regulation of the nifU and nifS genes, which are involved in the biosynthesis and repair of iron–sulfur clusters (Johnson et al. 2005) serves to counter this eVect.”
BackgroundA Novel Variant in CMAH Is Associated with Blood Type AB in Ragdoll Cats
Gandolfi, B., Grahn, R. A., Gustafson, N. A., Proverbio, D., Spada, E., Adhikari, B., Cheng, J., Andrews, G. A., Lyons, L. A., & Helps, C. R. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154973 · Cited by 38
Sulfur Administration in Fe–S Cluster Homeostasis
Rydz, L., Wróbel, M., & Jurkowska, H. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10111738 · Cited by 41
“The primary task of iron ions results from their ability to change their oxidation state from Fe2+ to Fe3+, contrary to sulfur that is also a part of clusters and is always present in S2− oxidation state [15,16].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnson, D. C., Dean, D. R., Smith, A. D., & Johnson, M. K.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Tech (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- ORCID
- Dean, Dennis R.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2005-06-01
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 247-281
- ISSN
- 0066-4154 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4509
- OpenAlex
- W2116472408
- Cited by
- 1,438
- References
- 209
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 73 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 74
- FWCI
- 7.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM62524)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry and Materials
- Keywords
- iron-sulfur clusters, Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, cysteine desulfurase, cluster assembly, protein maturation, electron transfer, prosthetic groups, gene expression regulation, enzyme activity
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Bacterial Proteins, Carrier Proteins, Escherichia coli, Genes, Bacterial, Iron-Sulfur Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Nitrogenase, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Escherichia coli Proteins
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