Implanted Electrochemical Glucose Sensors for the Management of Diabetes
Abstract
▪ Abstract By maintaining a near normal (70–120 mg/dL) glucose concentration, diabetic patients can drastically reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of diabetes complications. In the near future, subcutaneously implanted electrochemical glucose sensors will be available to provide frequent or continuous information on which timely treatment decisions, such as insulin injection or glucose source intake, can be based, as well as timely alarm signals. The currently engineered devices are of three types: (a) innocuous microsensors, with actively mass-transporting areas <10−3 cm 2, replaced twice a week by the patient; (b) self-contained, surgeon-implanted, transmitter-containing packages of >1 cm 2 area, operating for >100 days; and (c) devices transporting subcutaneous fluid to an external sensor, based on implanted microfiltration or microdialysis fibers or on iontophoretic transport of the subcutaneous fluid through the skin.
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CGM supplies real-time data on glucose trends, magnitude, duration, and frequency of daily fluctuations.
“Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides real-time information on trends (i.e., whether the glucose levels are increasing or decreasing), magnitude, duration, and frequency of glucose fluctuations during the day.5–6”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
Lag is also created by tissue responses to the sensor such as electrode fouling, biofouling, and foreign body encapsulation that impedes glucose diffusion.
“Lag is also created by tissue responses to the sensor such as electrode fouling, biofouling, and the foreign body encapsulation that impedes glucose diffusion to the sensor.5–6”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
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References 97 · Cited by 215
- Authors
- Heller, A.
- Affiliations
- Texas Materials Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Heller, Adam
- ORCID
- Heller, Adam
- Venue
- Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1999-08
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-175
- ISSN
- 1523-9829 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4274
- OpenAlex
- W2138208850
- Cited by
- 215
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Bioengineering › Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Keywords
- electrochemical glucose sensor, diabetes management, continuous glucose monitoring, microfiltration, insulin injection
- MeSH terms
- Biocompatible Materials, Biomedical Engineering, Blood Glucose, Body Fluids, Diabetes Mellitus, Electrochemistry, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic, Biosensing Techniques, Prostheses and Implants, In Vitro Techniques
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