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ROADS AND THEIR MAJOR ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS

Forman, Richard T. T., Alexander, Lauren E.·1998·Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.207
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Abstract

▪ Abstract A huge road network with vehicles ramifies across the land, representing a surprising frontier of ecology. Species-rich roadsides are conduits for few species. Roadkills are a premier mortality source, yet except for local spots, rates rarely limit population size. Road avoidance, especially due to traffic noise, has a greater ecological impact. The still-more-important barrier effect subdivides populations, with demographic and probably genetic consequences. Road networks crossing landscapes cause local hydrologic and erosion effects, whereas stream networks and distant valleys receive major peak-flow and sediment impacts. Chemical effects mainly occur near roads. Road networks interrupt horizontal ecological flows, alter landscape spatial pattern, and therefore inhibit important interior species. Thus, road density and network structure are informative landscape ecology assays. Australia has huge road-reserve networks of native vegetation, whereas the Dutch have tunnels and overpasses perforating road barriers to enhance ecological flows. Based on road-effect zones, an estimated 15–20% of the United States is ecologically impacted by roads.

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  • Roads have an effect on species dispersal at a broader scale (150 m), with the resistance score decreasing according to the distance from the road.

    “For the roads, we have accounted for their effect on a broader scale (150 m), with the resistance score decreasing according to the distance from the road”

    From Omnidirectional and omnifunctional connectivity analyses with a diverse species pool (2020) · cites this paper as Forman and Alexander, 1998

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Metadata

Authors
Forman, R. T. T., & Alexander, L. E.
Affiliations
Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
Venue
Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
1998-11
Volume
29
Issue
1
Pages
207-231
ISSN
0066-4162
DOI
10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.207
Cited by
2,364
References
0
Language
en

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