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Cited by 377

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 78 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Are Diseases Increasing in the Ocean?

Lafferty, Kevin D., Porter, James W., Ford, Susan E.·2004·Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

Abstract

▪ Abstract Many factors (climate warming, pollution, harvesting, introduced species) can contribute to disease outbreaks in marine life. Concomitant increases in each of these makes it difficult to attribute recent changes in disease occurrence or severity to any one factor. For example, the increase in disease of Caribbean coral is postulated to be a result of climate change and introduction of terrestrial pathogens. Indirect evidence exists that (a) warming increased disease in turtles; (b) protection, pollution, and terrestrial pathogens increased mammal disease; (c) aquaculture increased disease in mollusks; and (d) release from overfished predators increased sea urchin disease. In contrast, fishing and pollution may have reduced disease in fishes. In other taxa (e.g., sea grasses, crustaceans, sharks), there is little evidence that disease has changed over time. The diversity of patterns suggests there are many ways that environmental change can interact with disease in the ocean.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.021103.105704

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Metadata

Authors
Lafferty, K. D., Porter, J. W., & Ford, S. E.
Venue
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
Published
2004-12-15
Volume
35
Issue
1
Pages
31-54
ISSN
  • 1543-592X (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-2069
OpenAlex
W2135886772
Cited by
377
References
78
FWCI
3.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Are Diseases Increasing in the Ocean? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.021103.105704
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Lafferty, K. D., Porter, J. W., & Ford, S. E. (2004). Are Diseases Increasing in the Ocean? Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.021103.105704

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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