Cited by 394Marine Biology and Ecology ResearchCoral and Marine Ecosystems StudiesCoastal Fisheries and Human Impacts

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Global Marine Biodiversity Trends

Sala, Enric, Knowlton, Nancy·2006·Annual Review of Environment and Resources

DOI 10.1146/annurev.energy.31.020105.100235

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Abstract

▪ Abstract Marine biodiversity encompasses all levels of complexity of life in the sea, from within species to across ecosystems. At all levels, marine biodiversity has naturally exhibited a general, slow trajectory of increase, punctuated by mass extinctions at the evolutionary scale and by disturbances at the ecological scale. In historical times, a synergy of human threats, including overfishing, global warming, biological introductions, and pollution, has caused a rapid decline in global marine biodiversity, as measured by species extinctions, population depletions, and community homogenization. The consequences of this biodiversity loss include changes in ecosystem function and a reduction in the provision of ecosystem services. Global biodiversity loss will continue and likely accelerate in the future, with potentially more frequent ecological collapses and community-wide shifts. However, the timing and magnitude of these catastrophic events are probably unpredictable.

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Authors: Sala, E., & Knowlton, N.
Affiliations: Scripps Institution of Oceanography (US)
Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0202;,
ORCID: Sala, Enric
Venue: Annual Review of Environment and Resources
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2006-11-01
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Pages: 93-122
ISSN: 1543-5938 (ISSN-L)
1545-2050
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.energy.31.020105.100235
OpenAlex: W2124372040
Cited by: 394
References: 181
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 2.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Environment and Resources (publishedVersion)
Funders: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
Moore Family Foundation
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coastal Fisheries and Human Impacts
Keywords: marine biodiversity, biodiversity loss, mass extinction, overfishing, global warming, biological invasions, marine pollution, species extinction, depopulation, community homogenization, ecosystem functioning, ecosystem services, ecological collapse, community change

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