Molecular Systematics of Anopheles: From Subgenera to Subpopulations
Abstract
The century-old discovery of the role of Anopheles in human malaria transmission precipitated intense study of this genus at the alpha taxonomy level, but until recently little attention was focused on the systematics of this group. The application of molecular approaches to systematic problems ranging from subgeneric relationships to relationships at and below the species level is helping to address questions such as anopheline phylogenetics and biogeography, the nature of species boundaries, and the forces that have structured genetic variation within species. Current knowledge in these areas is reviewed, with an emphasis on the Anopheles gambiae model. The recent publication of the genome of this anopheline mosquito will have a profound impact on inquiries at all taxonomic levels, supplying better tools for estimating phylogeny and population structure in the short term, and ultimately allowing the identification of genes and/or regulatory networks underlying ecological differentiation, speciation, and vectorial capacity.
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The resemblance between An. gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis may stem from extensive introgression rather than a closer phylogenetic relationship.
“For example, the similarity between the most important vectors An. gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis may be a result of extensive introgression rather than closer phylogenetic relationship (Krzywinski and Besansky, 2003).”
From The molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae: a phenotypic perspective (2008) · cites this paper as Krzywinski and Besansky, 2003
Research has extensively examined genetic differentiation between the M and S forms, whereas phenotypic differences, the evolutionary forces behind divergence, and the mechanisms maintaining isolation have only recently received attention.
“Genetic differentiation between the molecular forms has been extensively studied, but phenotypic differences between them, the evolutionary forces that generated divergence, and the mechanisms that maintain their genetic isolation have only recently been addressed.”
From The molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae: a phenotypic perspective (2008) · cites this paper as Krzywinski and Besansky, 2003
There is little evidence to substantiate the hypothesis that agriculture led to speciation of An. gambiae s.s. about 5000 years ago.
“Although plausible, there is little evidence to substantiate this hypothesis: (i) estimates of time based on molecular clocks cannot resolve dates on this scale e.g., (Krzywinski and Besansky, 2003); (ii) molecular clock assumes no gene flow between the species, whereas available evidence suggests that gene flow between the forms is ongoing (Tripet et al., 2001; Turner and Hahn, 2007), and the”
From The molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae: a phenotypic perspective (2008) · cites this paper as Krzywinski and Besansky, 2003
Cites
Molecular evidence of incipient speciation within <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> s.s. in West Africa
Torre, A. D., Fanello, C., Akogbeto, M., Dossou‐yovo, J., Favia, G., Petrarca, V., & Coluzzi, M. (2001) · Insect Molecular Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2583.2001.00235.x · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Chromosomal inversion intergradation and incipient speciation in<i>Anopheles gambiae</i>
Coluzzi, M., Petrarca, V., & di Deco, M. A. (1985) · Bolletino di zoologia · doi:10.1080/11250008509440343 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
The Anopheles gambiae complex: a new species from Ethiopia
Hunt, R. H., Coetzee, M., & Fettene, M. (1998) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(98)90761-1 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Tripet, F., Touré, Y. T., Taylor, C. E., Norris, D. E., Dolo, G., & Lanzaro, G. C. (2001) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01301.x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Wondji, C., Simard, F., & Fontenille, D. (2002) · Insect Molecular Biology · doi:10.1046/j.0962-1075.2001.00306.x · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Milligan, P. J. M., Phillips, A., Broomfield, G., Molyneux, D. H., Touré, Y., & Coluzzi, M. (1993) · Bulletin of Entomological Research · doi:10.1017/s0007485300040049 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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Harbach, R. E. (2004) · Bulletin of Entomological Research · doi:10.1079/ber2004321 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
The molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae: a phenotypic perspective
Lehmann, T., & Diabate, A. (2008) · Infection, Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.06.003 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“…plausible, there is little evidence substantiate this hypothesis: (i) estimates of time based molecular clocks cannot resolve dates on this scale ( Krzywinski and Besansky (2003); (ii) molecular clock assum no gene flow between the species, whereas available evide suggests that gene flow between…”
Influential
- Authors
- Krzywinski, J., & Besansky, N. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Notre Dame (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Entomology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 111-139
- ISSN
- 0066-4170 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4487
- OpenAlex
- W2145659214
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Entomology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ai044003-05)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI44003, AI48842, R01AI048842)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Diptera species taxonomy and behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Keywords
- Anopheles, anopheline mosquitoes, malaria vectors, molecular systematics, phylogenetics, biogeography, species boundaries, population structure, Anopheles gambiae, genome, speciation, vectorial capacity, genetic variation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anopheles, Cytogenetics, DNA, Biological Evolution, Genetics, Population, Humans, Hybridization, Genetic, Insect Vectors, Malaria, Phylogeny, Species Specificity
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