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Cited by 537

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 101 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Fitness Costs of Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis

Gassmann, Aaron J., Carrière, Yves, Tabashnik, Bruce E.·2009·Annual Review of Entomology

Abstract

Evolution of resistance by insect pests threatens the continued effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in sprays and transgenic crops. Fitness costs of Bt resistance occur when, in the absence of Bt toxins, fitness is lower for resistant insects than for susceptible insects. Modeling results show that fitness costs can delay resistance by selecting against Bt-resistant genotypes in refuges where insects are not exposed to Bt toxins. In 77 studies including 18 species, fitness costs were detected in 62% of experiments testing for declines in resistance and in 34% of fitness component comparisons. Mean fitness costs were 15.5% for survival, 7.4% for development time, and 2.5% for mass. Although most fitness costs were recessive, nonrecessive costs can select more strongly against resistance. Because fitness costs vary with ecological conditions, refuges designed to increase the dominance or magnitude of fitness costs could be especially useful for delaying pest resistance.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090518

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Metadata

Authors
Gassmann, A. J., Carrière, Y., & Tabashnik, B. E.
Venue
Annual Review of Entomology
Published
2009-01-01
Volume
54
Issue
1
Pages
147-163
ISSN
  • 0066-4170 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-4487
OpenAlex
W2111293707
Cited by
537
References
101
FWCI
1.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Fitness Costs of Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090518
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Gassmann, A. J., Carrière, Y., & Tabashnik, B. E. (2009). Fitness Costs of Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis. Annual Review of Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090518

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.