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ANTISENSE RNA-REGULATED PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH
Abstract
▪ Abstract Eubacterial plasmids and chromosomes encode multiple killer genes belonging to the hok gene family. The plasmid-encoded killer genes mediate plasmid stabilization by killing plasmid-free cells. This review describes the genetics, molecular biology, and evolution of the hok gene family. The complicated antisense RNA-regulated control-loop that regulates posttranscriptional and postsegregational activation of killer mRNA translation in plasmid-free cells is described in detail. Nucleotide covariations in the mRNAs reveal metastable stem-loop structures that are formed at the mRNA 5′ ends in the nascent transcripts. The metastable structures prevent translation and antisense RNA binding during transcription. Coupled nucleotide covariations provide evidence for a phylogenetically conserved mRNA folding pathway that involves sequential dynamic RNA rearrangements. Our analyses have elucidated an intricate mechanism by which translation of an antisense RNA-regulated mRNA can be conditionally activated. The complex phylogenetic relationships of the plasmid- and chromosome-encoded systems are also presented and discussed.
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Citations
Cited by
Makarova, K. S., Grishin, N. V., Shabalina, S. A., Wolf, Y. I., & Koonin, E. V. (2006) · Biology Direct · doi:10.1186/1745-6150-1-7 · Cited by 1,199
The Small RNA Regulators of Escherichia coli : Roles and Mechanisms
Gottesman, S. (2004) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123841 · Cited by 586
Kobayashi, I. (2001) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/29.18.3742 · Cited by 513
Quantitative Characteristics of Gene Regulation by Small RNA
Levine, E., Zhang, Z., Kuhlman, T., & Hwa, T. (2007) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050229 · Cited by 384
AN ABUNDANCE OF RNA REGULATORS
Storz, G., Altuvia, S., & Wassarman, K. M. (2005) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133136 · Cited by 371
Metadata
- Authors
- Gerdes, K., Gultyaev, A. P., Franch, T., Pedersen, K., & Mikkelsen, N. D.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Genetics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-31
- ISSN
- 0066-4197 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2948
- OpenAlex
- W2146346646
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 1.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Gerdes, K., Gultyaev, A. P., Franch, T., Pedersen, K., & Mikkelsen, N. D. (1997). ANTISENSE RNA-REGULATED PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH. Annual Review of Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.31.1.1
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