The DOI matches its Crossref record; 103 of the 103 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sequence Divergence, Functional Constraint, and Selection in Protein Evolution
Abstract
The genome sequences of multiple species has enabled functional inferences from comparative genomics. A primary objective is to infer biological functions from the conservation of homologous DNA sequences between species. A second, more difficult, objective is to understand what functional DNA sequences have changed over time and are responsible for species' phenotypic differences. The neutral theory of molecular evolution provides a theoretical framework in which both objectives can be explicitly tested. Development of statistical tests within this framework has provided insight into the evolutionary forces that constrain and in some cases change DNA sequences and the resulting patterns that emerge. In this article, we review recent work on how functional constraint and changes in protein function are inferred from protein polymorphism and divergence data. We relate these studies to our understanding of the neutral theory and adaptive evolution.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The genetical theory of natural selection
Fisher, R. A. (1930) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.27468 · Cited by 17,617
Evolution of Protein Molecules
JUKES, T. H., & CANTOR, C. R. (1969) · Mammalian Protein Metabolism · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3211-9.50009-7 · Cited by 11,032
Ohno, S. (1970) · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-86659-3 · Cited by 7,833
The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution
Kimura, M. (1979) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1179-98 · Cited by 7,666
Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome
Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01262 · Cited by 7,187
The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution
Kimura, M. (1983) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511623486 · Cited by 6,347
The Structure of Haplotype Blocks in the Human Genome
Gabriel, S. B., Schaffner, S. F., Nguyen, H., Moore, J. M., Roy, J., Blumenstiel, B., Higgins, J., DeFelice, M., Lochner, A., Faggart, M., et al. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1069424 · Cited by 5,863
Atlas of protein sequence and structure
Chang, M.-Y., Dayhoff, M. O., Eck, R. V., & Sochard, M. R. (1965) · NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA) · Cited by 4,383
Evolutionary Rate at the Molecular Level
KIMURA, M. (1968) · Nature · doi:10.1038/217624a0 · Cited by 3,737
Preservation of Duplicate Genes by Complementary, Degenerative Mutations
Force, A., Lynch, M., Pickett, F. B., Amores, A., Yan, Y.-L., & Postlethwait, J. (1999) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/151.4.1531 · Cited by 3,529
Cited by
Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog
members, B. S. P., Lindblad-Toh, K., Wade, C. M., Mikkelsen, T. S., Karlsson, E. K., Jaffe, D. B., Kamal, M., Clamp, M., Chang, J. L., Kulbokas, E. J., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04338 · Cited by 2,568
Molecular Signatures of Natural Selection
Nielsen, R. (2005) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.112420 · Cited by 1,641
Parallel Patterns of Evolution in the Genomes and Transcriptomes of Humans and Chimpanzees
Khaitovich, P., Hellmann, I., Enard, W., Nowick, K., Leinweber, M., Franz, H., Weiss, G., Lachmann, M., & Pääbo, S. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1108296 · Cited by 592
Evidence That Mutation Is Universally Biased towards AT in Bacteria
Hershberg, R., & Petrov, D. A. (2010) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001115 · Cited by 490
Plasma AR and abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer
Romanel, A., Tandefelt, D. G., Conteduca, V., Jayaram, A., Casiraghi, N., Wetterskog, D., Salvi, S., Amadori, D., Zafeiriou, Z., Rescigno, P., et al. (2015) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aac9511 · Cited by 441
Metadata
- Authors
- Fay, J. C., & Wu, C.-I.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 213-235
- ISSN
- 1527-8204 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-293X
- OpenAlex
- W2115759361
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 103
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Sequence Divergence, Functional Constraint, and Selection in Protein Evolution. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.genom.4.020303.162528
- The paper
- Fay, J. C., & Wu, C.-I. (2003). Sequence Divergence, Functional Constraint, and Selection in Protein Evolution. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genom.4.020303.162528
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.