The DOI matches its Crossref record; 240 of the 240 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Positive and Negative Selection of T Cells
Abstract
A functional immune system requires the selection of T lymphocytes expressing receptors that are major histocompatibility complex restricted but tolerant to self-antigens. This selection occurs predominantly in the thymus, where lymphocyte precursors first assemble a surface receptor. In this review we summarize the current state of the field regarding the natural ligands and molecular factors required for positive and negative selection and discuss a model for how these disparate outcomes can be signaled via the same receptor. We also discuss emerging data on the selection of regulatory T cells. Such cells require a high-affinity interaction with self-antigens, yet differentiate into regulatory cells instead of being eliminated.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“T regs suppress autoimmunity through active targeting of autoreactive T-cells that are erroneously present in the periphery [82].”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [82]
Citations
Cites
Nagata, S. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81874-7 · Cited by 4,934
Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-κB activity
Karin, M., & Ben-Neriah, Y. (2000) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.621 · Cited by 4,766
T cell receptor antagonist peptides induce positive selection.
Hogquist, K., Jameson, S., Heath, W., Howard, J. L., Bevan, M., & Carbone, F. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90169-4 · Cited by 3,252
Self-citationT cell tolerance by clonal elimination in the thymus
Kappler, J. W., Roehm, N. W., & Marrack, P. (1987) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90568-x · Cited by 2,226
Induction by Antigen of Intrathymic Apoptosis of CD4 + CD8 + TCR lo Thymocytes in Vivo
MURPHY, K. M. M., Heimberger, A. B., & Loh, D. Y. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2125367 · Cited by 1,714
Thymic selection of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells induced by an agonist self-peptide
Jordan, M. S., Boesteanu, A. C., Reed, A. J., Petrone, A. L., Holenbeck, A. E., Lerman, M. A., Naji, A., & Caton, A. J. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/86302 · Cited by 1,661
MOUSE CD1-SPECIFIC NK1 T CELLS: Development, Specificity, and Function
Bendelac, A. S., Rivera, M. N., Park, S., & Roark, J. H. (1997) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.535 · Cited by 1,314
bcl-2 inhibits multiple forms of apoptosis but not negative selection in thymocytes
Sentman, C. L., Shutter, J. R., Hockenbery, D. M., Kanagawa, O., & Korsmeyer, S. J. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90361-2 · Cited by 1,188
Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self
Derbinski, J., Schulte, A., Kyewski, B., & Klein, L. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni723 · Cited by 1,163
Mutations in T-cell antigen receptor genes α and β block thymocyte development at different stages
Mombaerts, P., Clarke, A. R., Rudnicki, M. A., Iacomini, J., Itohara, S., Lafaille, J. J., Wang, L., Ichikawa, Y., Jaenisch, R., Hooper, M., et al. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/360225a0 · Cited by 1,114
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Wange RL, 2000, Sciences STKE.
- Hare KJ, 2001, Cell. Mol. Biol., 47, 119
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Regulatory T cells: mechanisms of differentiation and function
Josefowicz, S. Z., Lu, L.-F., & Rudensky, A. Y. (2012) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141623 · Cited by 2,866
CD4 + T Cells: Differentiation and Functions
Luckheeram, R. V., Zhou, R., Verma, A. D., & Xia, B. (2012) · Clinical and Developmental Immunology · doi:10.1155/2012/925135 · Cited by 1,381
Homeostasis of Naive and Memory T Cells
Surh, C. D., & Sprent, J. (2008) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.11.002 · Cited by 1,193
Afzali, B., Lombardi, G., Lechler, R. I., & Lord, G. M. (2007) · Clinical and Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03356.x · Cited by 762
RANK/RANKL: Regulators of Immune Responses and Bone Physiology
Leibbrandt, A., & Penninger, J. M. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1443.016 · Cited by 420
Metadata
- Authors
- Starr, T. K., Jameson, S. C., & Hogquist, K. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Immunology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2003-04
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 139-176
- ISSN
- 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-3278
- OpenAlex
- W2114569569
- Cited by
- 1,601
- References
- 240
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 82 · 2013: 90 · 2012: 82
- FWCI
- 7.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Keywords
- T cell selection, positive selection, negative selection, thymus, T cell receptor, major histocompatibility complex, self-tolerance, autoantigens, regulatory T cells
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Epithelial Cells, Humans, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, T-Lymphocytes, Thymus Gland, Transcription Factors, Gene Rearrangement, alpha-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor, Signal Transduction, Clonal Deletion, Models, Immunological, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
