The DOI matches its Crossref record; 175 of the 175 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
IL-13 Effector Functions
Abstract
IL-13 was first recognized for its effects on B cells and monocytes, where it upregulated class II expression, promoted IgE class switching and inhibited inflammatory cytokine production. It was also thought to be functionally redundant with IL-4. However, studies conducted with knockout mice, neutralizing antibodies, and novel antagonists demonstrate that IL-13 possesses several unique effector functions that distinguish it from IL-4. Resistance to most gastrointestinal nematodes is mediated by type-2 cytokine responses, in which IL-13 plays a dominant role. By regulating cell-mediated immunity, IL-13 modulates resistance to intracellular organisms including Leishmania major, Leishmania mexicana, and Listeria monocytogenes. In the lung, IL-13 is the central mediator of allergic asthma, where it regulates eosinophilic inflammation, mucus secretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Manipulation of IL-13 effector function may also prove useful in the treatment of some cancers like B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease, where IL-13 modulates apoptosis or tumor cell growth. IL-13 can also inhibit tumor immunosurveillance. As such, inhibitors of IL-13 might be effective as cancer immunotherapeutics by boosting type-1-associated anti-tumor defenses. Finally, IL-13 was revealed as a potent mediator of tissue fibrosis in both schistosomiasis and asthma, which indicates that it is a key regulator of the extracellular matrix. The mechanisms that regulate IL-13 production and/or function have also been investigated, and IL-4, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β, TNF-α, and the IL-4/IL-13 receptor complex play important roles. This review highlights the effector functions of IL-13 and describes multiple pathways for modulating its activity in vivo.
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Cites
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Cited by
Macrophage plasticity and polarization: in vivo veritas
Sica, A., & Mantovani, A. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci59643 · Cited by 6,335
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis
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Self-citationAlternative Activation of Macrophages: An Immunologic Functional Perspective
Martinez, F. O., Helming, L., & Gordon, S. (2009) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132532 · Cited by 2,745
Macrophage plasticity and polarization in tissue repair and remodelling
Mantovani, A., Biswas, S. K., Galdiero, M. R., Sica, A., & Locati, M. (2013) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.4133 · Cited by 2,384
Common and unique mechanisms regulate fibrosis in various fibroproliferative diseases
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wynn, T. A.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Immunology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2003-04
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 425-456
- ISSN
- 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-3278
- OpenAlex
- W2168938667
- Cited by
- 958
- References
- 175
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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