The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effector and Memory CTL Differentiation
Abstract
Technological advances in recent years have allowed for an ever-expanding ability to analyze and quantify in vivo immune responses. MHC tetramers, intracellular cytokine staining, an increasing repertoire of transgenic and “knockout” mice, and the detailed characterization of a variety of infectious models have all facilitated more precise and definitive analyses of the generation and function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Understanding the mechanisms behind the differentiation of effector and memory CTL is of increasing importance to develop vaccination strategies against a variety of established and emerging infectious diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of how effector and memory CTL differentiate and survive in vivo in response to viral or bacterial infection.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Janeway, C. A., & Medzhitov, R. (2002) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359 · Cited by 8,394
Central Memory and Effector Memory T Cell Subsets: Function, Generation, and Maintenance
Sallusto, F., Geginat, J., & Lanzavecchia, A. (2004) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104702 · Cited by 3,067
CD28/B7 SYSTEM OF T CELL COSTIMULATION
Lenschow, D. J., Walunas, T. L., & Bluestone, J. A. (1996) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.233 · Cited by 2,717
PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression
Day, C. L., Kaufmann, D. E., Kiepiela, P., Brown, J. A., Moodley, E. S., Reddy, S., Mackey, E. W., Miller, J. D., Leslie, A. J., DePierres, C., et al. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05115 · Cited by 2,680
T-cell help for cytotoxic T lymphocytes is mediated by CD40–CD40L interactions
Schoenberger, S. P., Toes, R. E. M., van der Voort, E. I. H., Offringa, R., & Melief, C. J. M. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/31002 · Cited by 2,615
Viral Immune Evasion Due to Persistence of Activated T Cells Without Effector Function
Zajac, A. J., Blattman, J. N., Murali-Krishna, K., Sourdive, D. J. D., Suresh, M., Altman, J. D., & Ahmed, R. (1998) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.188.12.2205 · Cited by 1,978
Effector and memory T-cell differentiation: implications for vaccine development
Kaech, S. M., Wherry, E. J., & Ahmed, R. (2002) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri778 · Cited by 1,865
Kaech, S. M., Tan, J. T., Wherry, E. J., Konieczny, B. T., Surh, C. D., & Ahmed, R. (2003) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1009 · Cited by 1,830
CD4+ T cells are required for secondary expansion and memory in CD8+ T lymphocytes
Janssen, E. M., Lemmens, E. E., Wolfe, T., Christen, U., von Herrath, M. G., & Schoenberger, S. P. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01441 · Cited by 1,635
Upregulation of PD-1 expression on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells leads to reversible immune dysfunction
Trautmann, L., Janbazian, L., Chomont, N., Said, E. A., Gimmig, S., Bessette, B., Boulassel, M.-R., Delwart, E., Sepulveda, H., Balderas, R. S., et al. (2006) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1482 · Cited by 1,565
Cited by
Wherry, E. J. (2011) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2035 · Cited by 4,062
Blackburn, S. D., Shin, H., Haining, W. N., Zou, T., Workman, C. J., Polley, A., Betts, M. R., Freeman, G. J., Vignali, D. A. A., & Wherry, E. J. (2009) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1679 · Cited by 2,062
Transcriptional control of effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation
Kaech, S. M., & Cui, W. (2012) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3307 · Cited by 1,628
Adaptive immune features of natural killer cells
Sun, J. C., Beilke, J. N., & Lanier, L. L. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07665 · Cited by 1,619
mTOR regulates memory CD8 T-cell differentiation
Araki, K., Turner, A. P., Shaffer, V. O., Gangappa, S., Keller, S. A., Bachmann, M. F., Larsen, C. P., & Ahmed, R. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08155 · Cited by 1,575
Metadata
- Authors
- Williams, M. A., & Bevan, M. J.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Immunology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2007-04-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 171-192
- ISSN
- 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-3278
- OpenAlex
- W2148817537
- Cited by
- 949
- References
- 15
- FWCI
- 2.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effector and Memory CTL Differentiation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141548
- The paper
- Williams, M. A., & Bevan, M. J. (2007). Effector and Memory CTL Differentiation. Annual Review of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141548
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
