Cited by 1,532Nerve injury and regenerationNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchAxon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE VERTEBRATE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

Sanes, Joshua R., Lichtman, Jeff W.·1999·Annual Review of Neuroscience

DOI 10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.389

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Abstract

▪ Abstract We describe the formation, maturation, elimination, maintenance, and regeneration of vertebrate neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), the best studied of all synapses. The NMJ forms in a series of steps that involve the exchange of signals among its three cellular components—nerve terminal, muscle fiber, and Schwann cell. Although essentially any motor axon can form NMJs with any muscle fiber, an additional set of cues biases synapse formation in favor of appropriate partners. The NMJ is functional at birth but undergoes numerous alterations postnatally. One step in maturation is the elimination of excess inputs, a competitive process in which the muscle is an intermediary. Once elimination is complete, the NMJ is maintained stably in a dynamic equilibrium that can be perturbed to initiate remodeling. NMJs regenerate following damage to nerve or muscle, but this process differs in fundamental ways from embryonic synaptogenesis. Finally, we consider the extent to which the NMJ is a suitable model for development of neuron-neuron synapses.

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Authors: Sanes, J. R., & Lichtman, J. W.
Affiliations: Washington University in St. Louis (US)
ORCID: Sanes, Joshua R.
Lichtman, Jeff W.
Venue: Annual Review of Neuroscience
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 1999-03
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Pages: 389-442
ISSN: 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
1545-4126
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.389
OpenAlex: W2134505400
Cited by: 1,532
References: 403
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 57
FWCI: 8.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
Keywords: neuromuscular junction, synaptogenesis, synapse maturation, synaptic pruning, synapse maintenance, synaptic remodeling, neuromuscular junction regeneration, motor axons, muscle fibers, Schwann cells, vertebrate development
MeSH terms: Animals, Glycoproteins, Nerve Regeneration, Neuromuscular Junction, Synapses, Transcription, Genetic, Vertebrates, Signal Transduction, Presynaptic Terminals, Neuregulins

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE VERTEBRATE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

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