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DEVELOPMENT OF THE VERTEBRATE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
Abstract
▪ Abstract We describe the formation, maturation, elimination, maintenance, and regeneration of vertebrate neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), the best studied of all synapses. The NMJ forms in a series of steps that involve the exchange of signals among its three cellular components—nerve terminal, muscle fiber, and Schwann cell. Although essentially any motor axon can form NMJs with any muscle fiber, an additional set of cues biases synapse formation in favor of appropriate partners. The NMJ is functional at birth but undergoes numerous alterations postnatally. One step in maturation is the elimination of excess inputs, a competitive process in which the muscle is an intermediary. Once elimination is complete, the NMJ is maintained stably in a dynamic equilibrium that can be perturbed to initiate remodeling. NMJs regenerate following damage to nerve or muscle, but this process differs in fundamental ways from embryonic synaptogenesis. Finally, we consider the extent to which the NMJ is a suitable model for development of neuron-neuron synapses.
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“Synaptic pruning is an activity-dependent developmental program in which a large number of synapses that form in early development are eliminated while a subset of synapses are maintained and strengthened (Hua and Smith, 2004; Katz and Shatz, 1996; Sanes and Lichtman, 1999).”
From Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner (2012) · cites this paper as Sanes and Lichtman, 1999
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“Neuronal-specific Agrn isoforms containing the Z exons (32 and 33) are the most potent in promoting AChR aggregation74–77.”
From The neurogenetics of alternative splicing (2016) · cites this paper as [77]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sanes, J. R., & Lichtman, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1999-03
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 389-442
- ISSN
- 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4126
- OpenAlex
- W2134505400
- Cited by
- 1,532
- References
- 403
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 8.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
- Keywords
- neuromuscular junction, synaptogenesis, synapse maturation, synaptic pruning, synapse maintenance, synaptic remodeling, neuromuscular junction regeneration, motor axons, muscle fibers, Schwann cells, vertebrate development
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Glycoproteins, Nerve Regeneration, Neuromuscular Junction, Synapses, Transcription, Genetic, Vertebrates, Signal Transduction, Presynaptic Terminals, Neuregulins
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