The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Fairness GAN: Generating datasets with fairness properties using a generative adversarial network
Abstract
We introduce the Fairness GAN (generative adversarial network), an approach for generating a dataset that is plausibly similar to a given multimedia dataset, but is more fair with respect to protected attributes in decision making. We propose a novel auxiliary classifier GAN that strives for demographic parity or equality of opportunity and show empirical results on several datasets, including the CelebFaces Attributes (CelebA) dataset, the Quick, Draw! dataset, and a dataset of soccer player images and the offenses for which they were called. The proposed formulation is well suited to absorbing unlabeled data; we leverage this to augment the soccer dataset with the much larger CelebA dataset. The methodology tends to improve demographic parity and equality of opportunity while generating plausible images.
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“[256] illustrate this by using a GAN with fairness constraints to produce łunbiasedž image datasets and [299] have evidenced similar results for structured data.”
From Fairness in machine learning: A survey (2024) · cites this paper as [256]
Citations
Cites
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Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmax
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Spectral Normalization for Generative Adversarial Networks
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Items 101–130 of 130
Dealing with Data Bias in Classification: Can Generated Data Ensure Representation and Fairness?
Duong, M. K., & Conrad, S. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-39831-5_17 · Cited by 2
Analysing Fairness of Privacy-Utility Mobility Models
Zhan, Y., Haddadi, H., & Mashhadi, A. (2023) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/3594739.3610676 · Cited by 2
A Survey on Bias Mitigation in Federated Learning
Ude, B., Odeyomi, O. T., Roy, K., & Yuan, X. (2023) · IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI) · doi:10.1109/ssci52147.2023.10372031 · Cited by 1
Chen, Q., Ye, A., Ye, G., & Huang, C. (2024) · Applied Soft Computing · doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2024.112133 · Cited by 1
AbdulQawy, A., Sallam, E. A., & Elkholy, A. (2025) · Egyptian Informatics Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eij.2025.100739 · Cited by 1
CondFairGen A Fair Conditional Generator for Tabular Data via Adaptive Sampling
David, S., & Kotal, A. (2025) · ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) · doi:10.1145/3746252.3760967 · Cited by 1
FairGen: Enhancing Fairness in Text-to-Image Diffusion Models via Self-Discovering Latent Directions
Jiang, Y.-L., Li, W.-H., Zhang, Y., Cai, M.-H., & Yue, X.-Y. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/iccv51701.2025.01711 · Cited by 10
Addressing Biases in the Texts Using an End-to-End Pipeline Approach
Raza, S., Bashir, S. R., Sneha, S., & Qamar, U. (2023) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37249-0_8 · Cited by 1
Linking convolutional kernel size to generalization bias in face analysis CNNs
Liang, H., Caro, J. O., Maheshri, V., Patel, A. B., & Balakrishnan, G. (2024) · IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/wacv57701.2024.00464 · Cited by 1
On the Basis of Sex: A Review of Gender Bias in Machine Learning Applications.Preprint
Feldman, T., & Peake, A. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University)
AU-GAN: Attention U-Net Based on a Built-In Attention for Multi-domain Image-to-Image Translation
Xu, C., Jin, G., Wu, M., & Ni, D. (2023) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-1354-1_18
Research on an Improved QUIC Protocol MINQUIC
Sun, L. (2023) · International Conference on Big Data, Information and Computer Network (BDICN) · doi:10.1109/bdicn58493.2023.00041
DECODING SEMIOTIC PUZZLES: MANIFEST TV SERIAL, STRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS AND POSTHUMAN PROTAGONISTS
Yılmazkol, Ö., & Pembecioglu, N. E. (2023) · European Journal of Literature Language and Linguistics Studies · doi:10.46827/ejlll.v7i2.460
Fair Machine Learning Through the Lens of Causality
Wu, Y., Zhang, L., & Wu, X. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35051-1_6
Global min-max Computation for α-Hölder Games
Delage, A., Buffet, O., & Dibangoye, J. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI) · doi:10.1109/ictai59109.2023.00083
Unsupervised Learning of Unbiased Visual Representations
Barbano, C. A., Tartaglione, E., & Grangetto, M. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tai.2024.3514554
Fan, X., Song, B., Zhang, S., Zhang, P., & Yang, Y. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData) · doi:10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825539
Coninck, S. D., Leroux, S., & Simoens, P. (2025) · IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW) · doi:10.1109/wacvw65960.2025.00153
Silva, B. P. M., & Berton, L. (2025) · doi:10.5753/sbcas.2025.6994
Responsible Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities
Baker, S., & Ahn, E. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88024-7_1
Vincent Gnanaraj, T., & Chenni Kumaran., J. (2025) · Discover Computing · doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09614-1
Islam, S. (2025) · Journal of Digital Information Management · doi:10.6025/jdim/2025/23/4/203-219
Fairness-aware Machine Learning
Kamishima, T. (2025) · Ouyou toukeigaku · doi:10.5023/jappstat.54.81
Fairness-aware graph representation learning through bias disentanglement
Liu, S., Qin, Z., Hou, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., & Peng, Z. (2026) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2026.108034
Enhancing Fairness Without Demographic Labels via Identifying and Mitigating Potential Biases
Lee, P., & Park, S. (2026) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym18020344
Fair GANs through model rebalancing for extremely imbalanced class distributions
Jain, A., Memon, N. D., & Togelius, J. (2025) · IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB) · doi:10.1109/ijcb65343.2025.11410860
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WHETSTONE: Honing Synthetic Data for Improved Downstream Fairness and Utility
Dhooghe, M. G. K., Zhou, Y., & Kantarcıoğlu, M. (2025) · IEEE ... International Conference on Data Mining workshops · doi:10.1109/icdmw69685.2025.00279
Reducing Disparity in Aleatoric Uncertainty for Age Estimation from Facial Images
Rahman, R., Fu, Z., Xu, D., & Niu, X. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-1947-6_14
Metadata
- Authors
- Sattigeri, P., Hoffman, S. C., Chenthamarakshan, V., & Varshney, K. R.
- Venue
- IBM Journal of Research and Development
- Publisher
- IBM
- Published
- 2019-07-01
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 4/5
- Pages
- 3:1-3:9
- ISSN
- 0018-8646 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2980688251
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 26.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IBM Journal of Research and Development (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Digital Media Forensic Detection
- Keywords
- generative adversarial networks, algorithmic fairness, synthetic data generation, demographic parity, equal opportunities, protected characteristics, auxiliary classifier, image generation, CelebA, data augmentation, unlabeled data
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