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Evaluation of the Articular Cartilage of the Knee Joint: Value of Adding a T2 Mapping Sequence to a Routine MR Imaging Protocol
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine whether the addition of a T2 mapping sequence to a routine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol could improve diagnostic performance in the detection of surgically confirmed cartilage lesions within the knee joint at 3.0 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and the requirement to obtain informed consent was waived. The study group consisted of 150 patients (76 male and 74 female patients with an average age of 41.2 and 41.5 years, respectively) who underwent MR imaging and arthroscopy of the knee joint. MR imaging was performed at 3.0 T by using a routine protocol with the addition of a sagittal T2 mapping sequence. Images from all MR examinations were reviewed in consensus by two radiologists before surgery to determine the presence or absence of cartilage lesions on each articular surface, first by using the routine MR protocol alone and then by using the routine MR protocol with T2 maps. Each articular surface was then evaluated at arthroscopy. Generalized estimating equation models were used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the routine MR imaging protocol with and without T2 maps in the detection of surgically confirmed cartilage lesions. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity in the detection of 351 cartilage lesions were 74.6% and 97.8%, respectively, for the routine MR protocol alone and 88.9% and 93.1% for the routine MR protocol with T2 maps. Differences in sensitivity and specificity were statistically significant (P < .001). The addition of T2 maps to the routine MR imaging protocol significantly improved the sensitivity in the detection of 24 areas of cartilage softening (from 4.2% to 62%, P < .001), 41 areas of cartilage fibrillation (from 20% to 66%, P < .001), and 96 superficial partial-thickness cartilage defects (from 71% to 88%, P = .004). CONCLUSION: The addition of a T2 mapping sequence to a routine MR protocol at 3.0 T improved sensitivity in the detection of cartilage lesions within the knee joint from 74.6% to 88.9%, with only a small reduction in specificity. The greatest improvement in sensitivity with use of the T2 maps was in the identification of early cartilage degeneration.
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T2 mapping sequences improve the sensitivity for detecting cartilage lesions within the knee joint, with a resultant decrease in specificity.
“T2 mapping sequences have been shown to improve the sensitivity for detecting cartilage lesions within the knee joint, with a resultant decrease in specificity (11).”
From Deep learning approach for evaluating knee MR images: achieving high diagnostic performance for cartilage lesion detection. (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
The T2 map images were used to detect subtle changes in the T2 relaxation time of articular cartilage, which could potentially improve the detection of superficial cartilage lesions.
“The T2 map images were used to detect subtle changes in the T2 relaxation time of articular cartilage, which could potentially improve the detection of superficial cartilage lesions (11).”
From Deep learning approach for evaluating knee MR images: achieving high diagnostic performance for cartilage lesion detection. (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
Interobserver agreement between fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists for detecting cartilage lesions within the knee joint using the fast spin-echo and T2 map sequences has been reported in previous studies.
“Interobserver agreement between fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists for detecting cartilage lesions within the knee joint using the fast spin-echo and T2 map sequences has been reported in previous studies (11,35).”
From Deep learning approach for evaluating knee MR images: achieving high diagnostic performance for cartilage lesion detection. (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
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Glyn-Jones, S., Palmer, A. J. R., Agricola, R., Price, A. J., Vincent, T. L., Weinans, H., & Carr, A. J. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60802-3 · Cited by 3,151
Liu, F., Zhou, Z., Samsonov, A., Blankenbaker, D., Larison, W., Kanarek, A., Lian, K., Kambhampati, S., & Kijowski, R. (2018) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2018172986 · Cited by 297
“T2 mapping sequences have been shown to improve the sensitivity for detecting cartilage lesions within the knee joint, with a resultant decrease in specificity (11).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kijowski, R., Blankenbaker, D. G., Munoz del Rio, A., Baer, G. S., & Graf, B. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- Radiology
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 267
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 503-513
- ISSN
- 0033-8419 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-1315
- OpenAlex
- W1998470513
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 18.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Radiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
- Keywords
- articular cartilage lesions, knee joint, T2 mapping, cartilage degeneration, cartilage softening, cartilage fibrillation, partial-thickness cartilage defects, MRI protocol, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Arthroscopy, Cartilage, Articular, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Knee Injuries, Knee Joint, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity
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