The DOI matches its Crossref record; 140 of the 140 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Precision Medicine and Radiogenomics in Breast Cancer: New Approaches toward Diagnosis and Treatment
Abstract
Precision medicine is medicine optimized to the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of an individual and, when present, his or her disease. It has a host of targets, including genes and their transcripts, proteins, and metabolites. Studying precision medicine involves a systems biology approach that integrates mathematical modeling and biology genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Moreover, precision medicine must consider not only the relatively static genetic codes of individuals, but also the dynamic and heterogeneous genetic codes of cancers. Thus, precision medicine relies not only on discovering identifiable targets for treatment and surveillance modification, but also on reliable, noninvasive methods of identifying changes in these targets over time. Imaging via radiomics and radiogenomics is poised for a central role. Radiomics, which extracts large volumes of quantitative data from digital images and amalgamates these together with clinical and patient data into searchable shared databases, potentiates radiogenomics, which is the combination of genetic and radiomic data. Radiogenomics may provide voxel-by-voxel genetic information for a complete, heterogeneous tumor or, in the setting of metastatic disease, set of tumors and thereby guide tailored therapy. Radiogenomics may also quantify lesion characteristics, to better differentiate between benign and malignant entities, and patient characteristics, to better stratify patients according to risk for disease, thereby allowing for more precise imaging and screening. This report provides an overview of precision medicine and discusses radiogenomics specifically in breast cancer. © RSNA, 2018
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In oncology applications, the radiological images and genomic information of cancer patients have been integrated for enhanced prognosis prediction and patient classification [17].”
From Challenges in AI-driven Biomedical Multimodal Data Fusion and Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
Citations
Cites
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x · Cited by 109,482
Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, C. F. G. R., Lander, E. S., Linton, L. M., Birren, B., Nusbaum, C., Zody, M. C., Baldwin, J., Devon, K., Dewar, K., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35057062 · Cited by 24,216
Textural Features for Image Classification
Haralick, R. M., Shanmugam, K., & Dinstein, I. (1973) · IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/tsmc.1973.4309314 · Cited by 22,886
Molecular portraits of human breast tumours
Perou, C., Sørlie, T., Eisen, M., van de Rijn, M., Jeffrey, S., Rees, C. A., Pollack, J., Ross, D., Johnsen, H., Akslen, L., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35021093 · Cited by 16,551
Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours
The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11412 · Cited by 12,129
Radiomics: Images Are More than Pictures, They Are Data
Gillies, R. J., Kinahan, P. E., & Hricak, H. (2016) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2015151169 · Cited by 8,421
Radiomics: extracting more information from medical images using advanced feature analysis
Lambin, P., Rios-Velazquez, E., Leijenaar, R., Carvalho, S., van Stiphout, R. G. P. M., Granton, P., Zegers, C. M. L., Gillies, R., Boellard, R., Dekker, A., et al. (2012) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2011.11.036 · Cited by 6,084
Trastuzumab plus Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Operable HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Romond, E. H., Perez, E. A., Bryant, J., Suman, V. J., Geyer, C. E., Davidson, N. E., Tan-Chiu, E., Martino, S., Paik, S., Kaufman, P. A., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa052122 · Cited by 5,438
A New Initiative on Precision Medicine
Collins, F. S., & Varmus, H. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp1500523 · Cited by 5,202
The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA): Maintaining and Operating a Public Information Repository
Clark, K., Vendt, B., Smith, K., Freymann, J., Kirby, J., Koppel, P., Moore, S., Phillips, S., Maffitt, D., Pringle, M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Digital Imaging · doi:10.1007/s10278-013-9622-7 · Cited by 4,599
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Sundar R, 2017, Front Med (Lausanne), 4, 39
- Ghasemi M, 2016, Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 6, 310
- Patil SS, 2014, Int J Emerg Trends Technol Comput Sci, 3
- 10.1002/jmri.25116 · DOI
- Mahrooghy M, 2013, Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv, 16, 295
- 10.1148/radiol.2016152110 · DOI
- Djekidel M, 2013, OMICS J Radiol, 2, 115
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–282 of 282
Kim, S. J., Jung, H. K., Han, B., Lee, J. H., Oh, K. S., Lee, J. S., & Lee, Y. (2020) · Ultrasound Quarterly · doi:10.1097/ruq.0000000000000487 · Cited by 2
Yang, H. H., & Zhang, F. F. (2022) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2022/3127058 · Cited by 2
RetractedSu, H.-Z., Hong, L.-C., Su, Y.-M., Chen, X., Zhang, Z.-B., & Zhang, X.-D. (2024) · Ultrasound Quarterly · doi:10.1097/ruq.0000000000000685 · Cited by 1
Dinesh, R. A., Shanmugam, J., & Biswas, K. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-18509-0.00009-8 · Cited by 4
Biomedical image characterization and radio genomics using machine learning techniques
Okunlola, F. O., Adetuyi, T. G., Olajide, P. A., Okunlola, A. R., Adetuyi, B. O., Adeyemo-Eleyode, V. O., Akomolafe, A. A., Yunana, N., Baba, F., Nwachukwu, K. C., et al. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15452-2.00019-4 · Cited by 2
Kim, S., Woo, J., Lee, S., & Hong, H. (2024) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2024.110292 · Cited by 2
Huang, Y., Lu, Z., Liu, H., Yang, N., Chen, Y., Wang, C., Huang, W., Hu, J., Wang, D., & Yao, D. (2025) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-025-03530-8 · Cited by 2
Abbas, H., Taka, M. A., Imokhai, P. O., Singh, S. K., Gharib, C., Mehad, A. M., & Brooks, A. (2026) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics16070968 · Cited by 2
Petersen, M. E., Gross, T. J., O’Bryant, S. E., & Mapstone, M. E. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818845-3.00018-9 · Cited by 2
Tang, Y., Chen, L., Qiao, Y., Li, W., Deng, R., & Liang, M. (2022) · Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine · doi:10.1155/2022/1507125 · Cited by 3
Jia, T., Lv, Q., Zhang, B., Yu, C., Sang, S., & Deng, S. (2023) · BMC Medical Imaging · doi:10.1186/s12880-023-01052-z · Cited by 2
Precision Medicine in Brain Tumors: New Approaches
Akhlaghdoust, M., Bordbar, S., Nikoohemmat, M., Meftah, E., Rahimzadegan, M., Akbari, S., & Zali, A. (2024) · Interdisciplinary cancer research · doi:10.1007/16833_2024_274 · Cited by 2
Do We Need Optoacoustic Assessment of Hypoxia to Differentiate Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer?
Mann, R. M. (2019) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2019191263 · Cited by 2
Editorial: Impact of Breast MRI on Breast Cancer Treatment and Prognosis
Bitencourt, A. G. V., Iima, M., Langs, G., & Pinker, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.825101 · Cited by 2
Self-citationSystemic Metabolomic Changes Associated with Chemotherapy: Role in Personalized Therapy
Kalita, B., Barik, G. K., Sharma, T., Taunk, K., Bhavsar, P. P., Santra, M. K., & Rapole, S. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119851042.ch24 · Cited by 2
Kang, Y., Meng, Y., Jin, J., Dai, Y., Li, F., Chen, N., Xie, H., & Cui, Y. (2025) · Translational Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102330 · Cited by 1
Wang, G., & Li, Y. (2025) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-025-02677-y · Cited by 1
Bai, Y., Xie, T., Mo, X., Luo, Y., & Chen, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2025.1587243 · Cited by 1
Decoding RNA therapeutics: Precision approaches in women's health
Far, N. P., Boroujerdi, H. N., Karimi, M. S., Vezvaei, P., Behfar, M., Mirzaei, R., Habibi, R., Varkiani, M. M., Aref, A. R., & Ebrahimi, N. (2025) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.178275 · Cited by 1
Wang, L., Wang, Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, M., Guo, T., Gao, W., Zhang, B., & Wang, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1661448 · Cited by 1
‘Omics’ Big Data and Precision Medicine
Guan, J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-2806-6_12 · Cited by 1
Hong, Z.-L., Peng, X.-R., Liang, X., Zeng, X.-T., Yang, J.-C., & Wu, S.-Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2025.1680160 · Cited by 1
Yin, X., Wang, Z., Zhao, Q.-X., Zhang, X.-C., Sang, T., & Shao, C.-P. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000047576
Counterfactual Multimodal Deep Learning for Personalized Breast Cancer Risk Intervention
Chugwani, S., & Kushwaha, P. A. S. (2026) · International Conference on Intelligent Systems in Engineering, Secured Systems and Cybersecurity (ICISESSC) · doi:10.1109/icisessc68634.2026.11542698 · Cited by 1
Zhang, X.-Y., & Liu, Q. (2026) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1109/ccece68150.2026.11610465 · Cited by 1
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Privacy Preservation
Ziller, A., Passerat‐Palmbach, J., Trask, A., Braren, R., Rueckert, D., & Kaissis, G. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64573-1_261 · Cited by 1
Application of Big Data Analytics in Precision Medicine: Lesson for Ethiopia
Woldemariam, M. T., & Alemneh, D. G. (2023) · Journal of Information & Knowledge Management · doi:10.1142/s0219649223500533 · Cited by 1
Research Trends and Evolution in Radiogenomics (2005-2023): Bibliometric Analysis
Wang, M., Peng, Y., Wang, Y., & Luo, D. (2024) · Interactive Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.2196/51347 · Cited by 1
An Accelerated Computational Approach in Proteomics
Bhardwaj, S., Gudur, V. Y., & Acharyya, A. (2019) · Series in bioengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9097-5_16 · Cited by 1
Editor’s Pick: Regulatory and Ethical Issues in the New Era of Radiomics and Radiogenomics
Pesapane, F. (2020) · EMJ Radiology · doi:10.33590/emjradiol/19-00165 · Cited by 2
Imaging epigenetics and the radiogenomics
Tárnoki, Á. D., & Tárnoki, D. L. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820951-6.00011-9 · Cited by 1
Biomarkers, Prognosis, and Prediction Factors
Reig, B., Moy, L. P., Sigmund, E. E., & Heacock, L. C. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-79702-3.00004-6 · Cited by 1
Self-citationState-of-the-Art in Integrated Breast Imaging
Grezia, G. D., Gatta, G., Brunese, L., & Falco, G. (2019) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2019/7596059 · Cited by 1
The Role of Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Biopsy-proven Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
Baltzer, P. (2022) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.221329 · Cited by 1
Multiparametric MRI and Radiomics to Predict HER2-Low Cancer: The Potential Therapeutic Impact
Kataoka, M., & Honda, M. (2023) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.231649 · Cited by 1
Insights into innovative breast imaging techniques
Friedlander, L., & Ha, R. S. (2018) · Clinical Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2018.10.021
Merging Medical Imaging with Molecular Genetics for “Tailor-Made” Therapy in Oncology
Solomou, A. G. (2019) · Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research · doi:10.26717/bjstr.2019.17.003015
Genomics and Interventional Oncology in Metastatic Liver Cancer
Case, M. D., Slovak, R. J., & Kim, H. S. (2020) · Digestive Disease Interventions · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1712120
Surgical Decisions on Breast Cancer in the Elderly
Castaldi, M. T. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47963-3_14
Magnetic Resonance Features of Lower-grade Gliomas in Prediction of the Reverse Phase Protein A
Wang, J., & Guo, X. (2021) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/rct.0000000000001132
Bilder sind Daten: Eine Perspektive der Brustbildgebung auf ein zeitgenössisches Paradigma
Dietzel, M., Clauser, P., Kapetas, P., Schulz‐Wendtland, R., & Baltzer, P. (2021) · Senologie - Zeitschrift für Mammadiagnostik und -therapie · doi:10.1055/a-1557-1062
Sampling Statistical Errors in Big Data Research: 3 Cases of Breast Cancer ResearchPreprint
Cho, H.-J., & Jeong, E. S. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.10.07.21264601
6. Imaging Biopsy for Assisting Cancer Precision Therapy —Information Extracted from Radiomics—
Arimura, H., Kodama, T., Urakami, A., Kamezawa, H., Hirose, T., & Ninomiya, K. (2022) · Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology · doi:10.6009/jjrt.780213
Townsend, S., Sharma, R., & Jones, J. (2018) · Radiopaedia.org · doi:10.53347/rid-61490
Kinne, P. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-61021-3_6
Deep learning-based breast cancer disease prediction framework for medical industries
Priya, G., & Radhika, A. (2022) · Advances in Complex Systems · doi:10.1142/s1793962323500125
Editorial for “TP53 Mutation Estimation Based on Radiomics Analysis for Breast Cancer”
Thakur, S. B., Chakraborthy, J., & Pinker, K. (2022) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.28324
Self-citationMann, R. M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-79702-3.00002-2
MRI radiomics and radiogenomics for breast cancer
Belenky, V., Chitalia, R., & Despina Kontos, B. (2022) · Advances in magnetic resonance technology and applications · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822729-9.00029-1
Artificial Intelligence in Breast Imaging
Bitencourt, A. G. V., & Pinker, K. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-0035-0_36
Self-citationProgress on radiomics and radiogenomics and their applications in breast cancer: A survey
(2023) · Data Science and Informetrics · doi:10.59494/dsi.2023.4.6 · Cited by 1
Wu, L., Zhao, Y., Lin, P., Qin, H., Liu, Y., Wan, D., Li, X., He, Y., & Yang, H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14609062
Wu, L., Zhao, Y., Lin, P., Qin, H., Liu, Y., Wan, D., Li, X., He, Y., & Yang, H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14609065
Alrahawy, M., Aker, M., Ganeshan, B., zeinaldin, A., & Arulampalam, T. (2024) · Journal of Surgery and Research · doi:10.26502/jsr.10020356
TalbAllah, S. M. (2024) · Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology · doi:10.36348/sjpm.2024.v09i05.004
Nguyen, T. H., Vo, M. T. A., Nguyen, T. H. H., & Le, N. T. (2023) · International Conference on Health Science and Technology (ICHST) · doi:10.1109/ichst59286.2023.10565363
Mohanty, J. P., & Mohanty, R. P. (2024) · International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) · doi:10.1109/icccnt61001.2024.10724857
Machine learning based genome cancer dataset approaches: Review
Singh, S. J., & Agrawal, P. (2024) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0234976
Artificial Intelligence in Breast Imaging: Basic Principles for Radiologists
Rana, P., & Rangarajan, K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-9847-6_20
Enabling Privacy-Preserving Analysis of Medical Records from Heterogeneous Data Sources
Lax, G. (2025) · Learning and analytics in intelligent systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88649-2_8
Chen, L., Wang, Z., Fang, X., Yu, M., Ye, H., Han, L., Tian, Y., Guo, C., & Huang, H. (2025) · Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews · doi:10.2174/0115734056319914250605053257
Park, A. Y., Han, M.-R., Seo, B. K., Ju, H.-Y., Son, G. S., Lee, H. Y., Chang, Y. W., Choi, J., Cho, K. R., Song, S. E., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23612385
Cui, H., Sun, Y., Zhao, D., Zhang, X., Kong, H., Hu, N., Wang, P., Zuo, X., Fan, W., Yao, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26563884
Ju, H.-Y., Youn, S. Y., Kang, J., Whang, M. Y., Choi, Y. J., & Han, M.-R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26759276
Ju, H.-Y., Youn, S. Y., Kang, J., Whang, M. Y., Choi, Y. J., & Han, M.-R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26759264
Ju, H.-Y., Youn, S. Y., Kang, J., Whang, M. Y., Choi, Y. J., & Han, M.-R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26759267
Ju, H.-Y., Youn, S. Y., Kang, J., Whang, M. Y., Choi, Y. J., & Han, M.-R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26759282
Ju, H.-Y., Youn, S. Y., Kang, J., Whang, M. Y., Choi, Y. J., & Han, M.-R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26759270
Ju, H.-Y., Youn, S. Y., Kang, J., Whang, M. Y., Choi, Y. J., & Han, M.-R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26759279
Ju, H.-Y., Youn, S. Y., Kang, J., Whang, M. Y., Choi, Y. J., & Han, M.-R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26759273
Tan, Y., Mai, H., Huang, Z., Zhang, L., Li, C., Wu, S., Huang, H., Tang, W., Liu, Y., & Jiang, K. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14205513
Park, A. Y., Han, M.-R., Seo, B. K., Ju, H.-Y., Son, G. S., Lee, H. Y., Chang, Y. W., Choi, J., Cho, K. R., Song, S. E., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23612382
Liu, S., Wang, X., Jiang, F., Tang, S., Cao, Y., Wang, L., Chen, H., Zeng, X., Huang, Y., Li, L., et al. (2026) · BMC Medical Imaging · doi:10.1186/s12880-026-02160-2
Qiu, M., Xu, Y., Hu, B., Zheng, K., Shao, G., Yu, L., Cheng, L., Ma, J., & Li, S. (2026) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2026.124874
Artificial intelligence in the management of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery
Yang, S., Shen, H., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Jing, Z., Xing, L., Zhou, P., Chen, P., Ni, H., Yu, Y., et al. (2026) · Artificial Intelligence Surgery · doi:10.20517/ais.2025.100
Sun, Q., Zhang, Q., Xiao, Y., & Pei, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2026.1858163
Mechanistic study of antisense long non-coding RNA STEAP3-AS1 in breast cancer
Sun, J., Cui, J., Qiu, T., & Shen, G. (2026) · Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy · doi:10.37349/etat.2026.1002380
Huang, Y., Liu, X., & Zhou, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2026.1779682
Mohamed, N. E., Sobhi, A., Wessam, R., Kamal, E., Omar, A. R., Refaie, R. M. A. E., & Elmesidy, D. S. (2026) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1093/bjr/tqag188
Hu, C. (2026) · Radiology Imaging Cancer · doi:10.1148/rycan.260448
Imaging in Cancer Diagnosis: Consolidating Progress and Charting the Next Steps
Sussan, G., & Crimì, F. (2026) · Tomography · doi:10.3390/tomography12100141
Thakar, S. B., Thakar, P. S., & Sangle, A. (2026) · Research Journal of Life Sciences Bioinformatics Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences · doi:10.26479/2026.1205.02
Metadata
- Authors
- Pinker, K., Chin, J., Melsaether, A. N., Morris, E. A., & Moy, L.
- Affiliations
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Venue
- Radiology
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 287
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 732-747
- ISSN
- 0033-8419 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2803669118
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 140
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 11
- FWCI
- 4.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Radiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › MRI in cancer diagnosis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
- Keywords
- precision medicine, radiogenomics, radiomics, breast cancer, tumor heterogeneity, metastatic breast cancer, benign versus malignant differentiation, risk stratification, cancer screening, multimodal data integration, systems biology
- MeSH terms
- Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Mammography, Radiology, Biomarkers, Tumor, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genomics, Precision Medicine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review