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Thermal Stability of Li2O2and Li2O for Li-Air Batteries: In Situ XRD and XPS Studies
Open accessAbstract
Understanding the thermal stability of major reaction products, Li 2 O 2 (space group P6 3 /mmc) and Li 2 O (space group ) is critical to improve the safety characteristics of Li-air batteries. The changes in the crystal structure and surface chemistry of Li 2 O 2 and Li 2 O were examined as a function of temperature via in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Significant decreases in the lattice parameters and the c / a ratio of Li 2 O 2 were found at 280°C and higher. These structural changes can be attributed to the transformation of Li 2 O 2 to Li 2 O 2-δ , which is supported by density functional theory calculations. Upon further heating to 700°C, a lithium-deficient Li 2-δ O phase appeared at 300°C and gradually became stoichiometric upon further heating to ∼550°C. XPS measurements of Li 2 O 2 revealed that Li 2 O appeared on the surface starting at 250°C, which is in agreement with the onset temperature of phase transformation as detected by XRD. In addition, the growth of Li 2 CO 3 on the surface was found at 250°C, which can be attributed to chemical reactions between Li 2 O 2 /Li 2 O and carbon-containing species (e.g. hydrocarbons) present in the XPS chamber. This finding highlights the challenges of developing stable carbon-based oxygen electrode for Li-air batteries.
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Citations
Cites
Shannon, R. D. (1976) · Acta Crystallographica Section A · doi:10.1107/s0567739476001551 · Cited by 66,145
Li-O2 and Li-S batteries with high energy storage
Bruce, P. G., Freunberger, S. A., Hardwick, L. J., & Tarascon, J.-M. (2012) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3191 · Cited by 9,479
Cited by
Ionic Conductivity and Air Stability of Al-Doped Li7La3Zr2O12 Sintered in Alumina and Pt Crucibles
Xia, W., Xu, B., Duan, H., Guo, Y., Kang, H., Li, H., & Liu, H. (2016) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5b12186 · Cited by 308
Metadata
- Authors
- Yao, K. P. C., Kwabi, D. G., Quinlan, R. A., Mansour, A. N., Grimaud, A., Lee, Y.-L., Lu, Y.-C., & Shao-Horn, Y.
- Venue
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society
- Publisher
- The Electrochemical Society
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 160
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- A824-A831
- ISSN
- 0013-4651 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7111
- OpenAlex
- W2043095993
- Cited by
- 339
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 10.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Yao, K. P. C., Kwabi, D. G., Quinlan, R. A., Mansour, A. N., Grimaud, A., Lee, Y.-L., Lu, Y.-C., & Shao-Horn, Y. (2013). Thermal Stability of Li2O2and Li2O for Li-Air Batteries: In Situ XRD and XPS Studies. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.069306jes
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