Li-O2 and Li-S batteries with high energy storage
Abstract
Li-ion batteries have transformed portable electronics and will play a key role in the electrification of transport. However, the highest energy storage possible for Li-ion batteries is insufficient for the long-term needs of society, for example, extended-range electric vehicles. To go beyond the horizon of Li-ion batteries is a formidable challenge; there are few options. Here we consider two: Li-air (O(2)) and Li-S. The energy that can be stored in Li-air (based on aqueous or non-aqueous electrolytes) and Li-S cells is compared with Li-ion; the operation of the cells is discussed, as are the significant hurdles that will have to be overcome if such batteries are to succeed. Fundamental scientific advances in understanding the reactions occurring in the cells as well as new materials are key to overcoming these obstacles. The potential benefits of Li-air and Li-S justify the continued research effort that will be needed.
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Lithium is a vital raw material for currently available lithium-ion batteries and prospective next-generation batteries such as lithium-air and lithium-sulphur.
“Lithium is a vital raw material for the build-up of both currently available lithium-ion batteries, and prospective next generation batteries such as lithium-air and lithium sulphur.”
From Lithium recovery from brines: A vital raw material for green energies with a potential environmental impact in its mining and processing (2018) · cites this paper as Bruce et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Bruce, P. G., Freunberger, S. A., Hardwick, L. J., & Tarascon, J.-M.
- Affiliations
- University of St Andrews (GB)
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Bruce, Peter G.
- Venue
- Nature Materials
- Published
- 2011-12-15
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-29
- ISSN
- 1476-1122 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4660
- OpenAlex
- W2151207643
- Cited by
- 9,479
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 312 · 2025: 462 · 2024: 474 · 2023: 562 · 2022: 707 · 2021: 781 · 2020: 875 · 2019: 919 · 2018: 970 · 2017: 884 · 2016: 804 · 2015: 679 · 2014: 552 · 2013: 360 · 2012: 134
- FWCI
- 234.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2011-12-15)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/I029273/1, EP/I022570/1, EP/E03649X/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Keywords
- lithium-oxygen batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium-ion batteries, energy storage capacity, aqueous electrolyte solutions, non-aqueous electrolytes, battery materials, electric vehicles
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