Modulation of muscle insulin resistance by selective inhibition of GSK-3 in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
Abstract
A role for elevated glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity in the multifactorial etiology of insulin resistance is now emerging. However, the utility of specific GSK-3 inhibition in modulating insulin resistance of skeletal muscle glucose transport is not yet fully understood. Therefore, we assessed the effects of novel, selective organic inhibitors of GSK-3 (CT-98014 and CT-98023) on glucose transport in insulin-resistant muscles of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Incubation of type IIb epitrochlearis and type I soleus muscles from ZDF rats with CT-98014 increased glycogen synthase activity (49 and 50%, respectively, P < 0.05) but did not alter basal glucose transport (2-deoxyglucose uptake). In contrast, CT-98014 significantly increased the stimulatory effects of both submaximal and maximal insulin concentrations in epitrochlearis (37 and 24%) and soleus (43 and 26%), and these effects were associated with increased cell-surface GLUT4 protein. Lithium enhanced glycogen synthase activity and both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport in muscles from ZDF rats. Acute oral administration (2 × 30 mg/kg) of CT-98023 to ZDF rats caused elevations in GSK-3 inhibitor concentrations in plasma and muscle. The glucose and insulin responses during a subsequent oral glucose tolerance test were reduced by 26 and 34%, respectively, in the GSK-3 inhibitor-treated animals. Thirty minutes after the final GSK-3 inhibitor treatment, insulin-stimulated glucose transport was significantly enhanced in epitrochlearis (57%) and soleus (43%). Two hours after the final treatment, insulin-mediated glucose transport was still significantly elevated (26%) only in the soleus. These results indicate that specific inhibition of GSK-3 enhances insulin action on glucose transport in skeletal muscle of the insulin-resistant ZDF rat. This unique approach may hold promise as a pharmacological treatment against insulin resistance of skeletal muscle glucose disposal.
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GSK-3 inhibitors increase insulin-stimulated glucose transport in epitrochlearis and soleus muscles from insulin-resistant ZDF rats, but not from insulin-sensitive lean Zucker rats.
“GSK-3 inhibitors increased insulin-stimulated glucose transport in epitrochlearis and soleus muscles from insulin-resistant ZDF rats, but not from insulin-sensitive lean Zucker rats [27,28].”
Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3 with selective inhibitors can improve insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant muscles from ZDF rats.
“Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3 with highly selective, reversible, cell-permeable small molecules can improve insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant muscles from Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats [27][28][29].”
Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3 increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-resistant skeletal muscles from obese ZDF rats but not in muscle from insulin-sensitive lean ZDF rats.
“Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3 increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-resistant skeletal muscles from obese ZDF rats but not in muscle from insulin-sensitive lean ZDF rats [27,28].”
GSK-3 inhibitors activate glycogen synthase in lean and ZDF rats.
“GSK-3 inhibitors activate glycogen synthase in lean and ZDF rats [27]”
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- Authors
- Henriksen, E. J., Kinnick, T. R., Teachey, M. K., O'Keefe, M. P., Ring, D., Johnson, K. W., & Harrison, S. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721; and
- Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California 94608
- ORCID
- Johnson, Kirk W.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2003-05-01
- Volume
- 284
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- E892-E900
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W1988605096
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Keywords
- glycogen synthase kinase-3, GSK3 inhibition, insulin resistance, skeletal muscle glucose transport, GLUT4, glycogen synthase, lithium, Zucker diabetic fatty rats, oral glucose tolerance test
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Animals, Biological Transport, Blood Glucose, Cell Membrane, Diabetes Mellitus, Enzyme Inhibitors, Glucose, Glycogen Synthase, Insulin Resistance, Lithium, Male, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Obesity, Rats, Zucker, Muscle, Skeletal, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3, Glucose Transporter Type 4, Rats
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