Cited by 344Hormonal and reproductive studiesMuscle Physiology and DisordersMuscle metabolism and nutrition

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Testosterone-induced muscle hypertrophy is associated with an increase in satellite cell number in healthy, young men

Sinha-Hikim, Indrani, Roth, Stephen M., Lee, Martin I., Bhasin, Shalender·2003·American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.00370.2002

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Abstract

Testosterone (T) supplementation in men induces muscle fiber hypertrophy. We hypothesized that T-induced increase in muscle fiber size is associated with a dose-dependent increase in satellite cell number. We quantitated satellite cell and myonuclear number by using direct counting and spatial orientation methods in biopsies of vastus lateralis obtained at baseline and after 20 wk of treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and a 125-, 300-, or 600-mg weekly dose of T enanthate. T administration was associated with a significant increase in myonuclear number in men receiving 300- and 600-mg doses. The posttreatment percent satellite cell number, obtained by direct counting, differed significantly among the three groups (ANCOVA P < 0.000001); the mean posttreatment values (5.0 and 15.0%) in men treated with 300- and 600-mg doses were greater than baseline (2.5 and 2.5%, respectively, P < 0.05 vs. baseline). The absolute satellite cell number measured by spatial orientation at 20 wk (1.5 and 4.0/mm) was significantly greater than baseline (0.3 and 0.6/mm) in men receiving the 300- and 600-mg doses ( P < 0.05). The change in percent satellite cell number correlated with changes in total ( r = 0.548) and free T concentrations ( r = 0.468). Satellite cell and mitochondrial areas were significantly higher and the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio lower after treatment with 300- and 600-mg doses. We conclude that T-induced muscle fiber hypertrophy is associated with an increase in satellite cell number, a proportionate increase in myonuclear number, and changes in satellite cell ultrastructure.

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Authors: Sinha-Hikim, I., Roth, S. M., Lee, M. I., & Bhasin, S.
ORCID: Roth, Stephen M.
Bhasin, Shalender
Venue: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2003-07
Volume: 285
Issue: 1
Pages: E197-E205
ISSN: 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
1522-1555
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00370.2002
OpenAlex: W2105071743
Cited by: 344
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 7.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5u54rr014616-10, 5u01dk054047-06)
National Institute on Aging (1R01 AG-14369-01, 5F32 AG-05893-02, R01AG014369, F32AG005893)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1R01 DK 59627-01, U01-DK-54047, R01DK049296, 2R01DK49296-02A, R01DK059627)
National Center for Research Resources (G12 RR 03026, P20RR11145, U54-RR14616, G12RR003026, P20RR011145, M01RR000425, M01-RR00425)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords: testosterone, muscle hypertrophy, satellite cells, myonuclear number, testosterone enanthate, dose-response relationship, GnRH agonist, vastus lateralis, free testosterone, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, young men
MeSH terms: Adult, Cell Count, Cell Nucleus, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Testosterone, Tissue Fixation, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch, Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle, Cell Size

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Testosterone-induced muscle hypertrophy is associated with an increase in satellite cell number in healthy, young men

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