Demonstration of a role for growth hormone in glucose counterregulation
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that growth hormone secretion plays a counterregulatory role in prolonged hypoglycemia in humans, four studies were performed in nine normal subjects. Insulin (15 mU.M-2.min-1) was infused subcutaneously (plasma insulin 27 +/- 2 microU/ml), and plasma glucose decreased from 88 +/- 2 to 53 +/- 1 mg/dl for 12 h. In study 1, plasma glucose, glucose fluxes (D-[3-3H]glucose), substrate, and counterregulatory hormone concentrations were simply monitored. In study 2 (pituitary-adrenal-pancreatic clamp), insulin and counterregulatory hormone secretions (except for catecholamines) were prevented by somatostatin (0.5 mg/h iv) and metyrapone (0.5 g/4 h po), and glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone were reinfused to reproduce the concentrations of study 1. In study 3 (lack of growth hormone increase), the pituitary-adrenal-pancreatic clamp was performed with maintenance of plasma growth hormone at basal levels, and glucose was infused whenever needed to reproduce plasma glucose concentration of study 2. Study 4 was identical to study 3, but exogenous glucose was not infused. Isolated lack of a growth hormone response caused a decrease in hepatic glucose production and an increase in glucose utilization that resulted in an approximately 25% greater hypoglycemia despite compensatory increases in plasma catecholamines. Plasma free fatty acid, 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol concentrations were reduced approximately 50%. It is concluded that growth hormone norma…
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Cortisol has a key role in glucose homeostasis, particularly in the counter-regulatory mechanisms to prevent hypoglycaemia in times of biological stress.
“Cortisol has a key role in glucose homeostasis, particularly in the counter-regulatory mechanisms to prevent hypoglycaemia in times of biological stress.”
From Hypoglycaemia in adrenal insufficiency (2023) · cites this paper as [12]
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Hypoglycaemia in adrenal insufficiency
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- Authors
- De Feo, P., Perriello, G., Torlone, E., Ventura, M. M., Santeusanio, F., Brunetti, P., Gerich, J. E., & Bolli, G. B.
- Affiliations
- Istituto di Patologia Medica, Universita di Perugia, Italy.
- University of Perugia (IT)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1989-06-01
- Volume
- 256
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- E835-E843
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W2230115230
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (KD-20411)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- growth hormone, glucose counterregulation, hypoglycemia, insulin-induced hypoglycemia, hepatic glucose production, glucose utilization, lipolysis, somatostatin, metyrapone, glucagon, cortisol, catecholamines, free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alanine, C-Peptide, Epinephrine, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Glucagon, Glycerol, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypoglycemia, Insulin, Male, Metyrapone, Norepinephrine, Reference Values, Somatostatin, Growth Hormone
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