Physiological Concentrations of Growth Hormone Exert Insulin-Like and Insulin Antagonistic Effects on Both Hepatic and Extrahepatic Tissues in Man*
Abstract
To determine whether increments in circulating GH concentrations within the physiological range would exert insulin-like as well as insulin-antagonistic actions in man and, if so, whether both actions would occur in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues, normal volunteers (n = 6) were infused with human GH (hGH; 100 ng/kg . min) for 6 h along with somatostatin (100 micrograms/h) to suppress insulin, glucagon, and hGH secretion and also with sufficient insulin (100 microU/kg . min) to maintain a constant plasma insulin level. During the final 2 h, glucose (2 mg/kg . min) was infused. In control studies, saline was infused instead of hGH. Infusion of hGH increased plasma hGH to 35 ng/ml. Plasma glucose decreased to 60 +/- 2 mg/dl compared to 67 +/- 1 mg/dl observed in control studies (P less than 0.05); this greater hypoglycemia was due to both greater suppression of hepatic glucose production (P less than 0.05) and greater augmentation of glucose clearance (P less than 0.05). These insulin-like effects of hGH were no longer evident after 2 h. Subsequently, when glucose was infused, plasma glucose increased to 133 +/- 4 mg/dl compared to the 104 +/- 6 mg/dl observed in control studies (P less than 0.01). This greater hyperglycemia was due to both impaired suppression of hepatic glucose production (P less than 0.001) and decreased glucose clearance (P less than 0.01). These results indicate that physiological increments in plasma hGH cause both insulin-like and insulin-antagonistic effects in man and that these actions occur in hepatic as well as extrahepatic tissues. The insulin-like actions of hGH are transient.
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The hyperglycemic actions of both growth hormone and cortisol are too slow.
“Furthermore, the hyperglycemic actions of both growth hormone (2) and cortisol (3) are too slow.”
In the basal state, growth hormone administration induces an early insulin-like effect on glucose metabolism.
“earlier studies indicated that in the basal state, GH administration induces an early insulin-like effect on glucose metabolism [6,7]”
From Effects of growth hormone on insulin sensitivity and forearm metabolism in normal man (1989) · cites this paper as [7]
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Satozawa, N., Takezawa, K., Miwa, T., Takahashi, S., Hayakawa, M., & O'OKA, H. (2000) · Growth Hormone & IGF Research · doi:10.1054/ghir.2000.0149 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Diagnosis and treatment of ‘insulinoma’
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“A sustained increase in serum growth hormone caused insulin resistance in healthy subjects (MacGorman et al. 1981) and in rats (Shih et al. 2007).”
BackgroundHepatocyte insulin binding and action in rats with sommatomammotrophic tumours
Davidson, M. B., & Melmed, S. K. (1983) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00251899 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Metabolic effects of growth hormone in children
Wollmann, H. A., & Ranke, M. (1995) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(95)90228-7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Fasting Glucose Is a Risk Factor For Breast Cancer
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- Authors
- MACGORMAN, L. R., RIZZA, R. A., & GERICH, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1981-09
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 556-559
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W1995945960
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- growth hormone, insulin-like activity, insulin antagonism, hepatic glucose production, glucose clearance, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, somatostatin, insulin infusion, glucose infusion, extrahepatic tissues
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Female, Glucagon, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Kinetics, Liver, Male, Somatostatin, Growth Hormone
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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