V. Cholera: invasion of the intestinal epithelial barrier by a stably folded protein toxin
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) produced by Vibrio cholerae is the virulence factor responsible for the massive secretory diarrhea seen in Asiatic cholera. To cause disease, CT enters the intestinal epithelial cell as a stably folded protein by co-opting a lipid-based membrane receptor, ganglioside G M1. G M1 sorts the toxin into lipid rafts and a retrograde trafficking pathway to the endoplasmic reticulum, where the toxin unfolds and transfers its enzymatic subunit to the cytosol, probably by dislocation through the translocon sec61p. The molecular determinants that drive entry of CT into this pathway are encoded entirely within the structure of the protein toxin itself.
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Cholera toxin triggers intestinal-fluid secretion by binding to the GM1 ganglioside on the surface of enterochromaffin cells, and this interaction results in serotonin-mediated activation of secretomotor reflexes.
“The cholera toxin, a secretory enterotoxin from Vibrio cholerae, is known to trigger intestinal-fluid secretion by binding to the GM1 ganglioside on the surface of enterochromaffin cells. This interaction results in serotonin-mediated activation of secretomotor reflexes.61”
From Principles and clinical implications of the brain-gut-enteric microbiota axis (2009) · cites this paper as [61]
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Principles and clinical implications of the brain-gut-enteric microbiota axis
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- Authors
- Lencer, W. I.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lencer, Wayne I.
- ORCID
- Lencer, Wayne I.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2001-05-01
- Volume
- 280
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- G781-G786
- ISSN
- 0193-1857 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1547
- OpenAlex
- W2276363593
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK048106, DK 34854, R01DK48106, P30DK034854)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Escherichia coli research studies
- Keywords
- cholera toxin, Vibrio cholerae, intestinal epithelial barrier, toxin internalization, GM1 ganglioside, lipid rafts, retrograde trafficking, endoplasmic reticulum, Sec61 translocon, secretory diarrhea
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cholera, Cholera Toxin, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Intestinal Mucosa, Models, Biological, Vibrio cholerae, Virulence, Protein Folding
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