Balance and kinetics of anaerobic energy release during strenuous exercise in man
Abstract
The speed of lactic acid formation in blood has been measured in man as a function of the intensity of exercise and was found to reach a maximum of about 36 mg lactic acid/liter blood per sec, corresponding to about 21.5 kcal (kg hr) or 0.034 hp/kg. The maximal energy release sustained by the alactacid mechanism is of the order of 45 kcal/(kg hr), or 0.07 hp/kg. The alactacid debt, as measured in man running on a treadmill, seems to be approximately proportional to the energy expenditure: it amounts at most to 0.1 kcal/kg or about 1.4 liters O 2 for a man weighing 70 kg. The lactacid debt amounts at most to 0.22 kcal/kg or about 3 liters O 2 for man, on the average. The alactacid oxygen debt contraction is a faster process and it requires 10–30 sec for completion, while the lactacid debt process is completed in about 40 sec in the most strenous exercise. Therefore, at the highest workloads, the only energy source available after 40 sec resides in oxidative processes. oxygen debt; lactic acid Submitted on July 5, 1963
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Anaerobic glycogen breakdown to lactate and aerobic carbohydrate metabolism allow muscles to generate ATP at rates 3-4 times faster than aerobic carbohydrate combustion and roughly seven times faster than fatty acid metabolism.
“In addition, anaerobic glycogen breakdown to lactate and aerobic carbohydrate metabolism allows muscles to generate ATP at rates 3–4 times faster than aerobic carbohydrate combustion and roughly seven times faster than fatty acid metabolism [6, 7].”
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InfluentialLactate Metabolism during Exercise
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“2 s (Wilkie 1960) and about 5 s (Margaria et al. 1964) show values of mean ~ P,n of 2 0 - 2 5 and 12 mmol 9 kg dry wt -1 .”
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Self-citationTests d'évaluation de la puissance maximale des métabolismes aérobie et anaérobie
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“Early findings by Margaria and coauthors (Margaria et al. 1963, 1964) provide the basis for an assumption of the energetic oxygen equivalent for lactate concentration during treadmill sprinting in connection with post-exercise peak capillary blood lactate concentration (di Prampero and Fer-retti 1999).”
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“Most interestingly, elevated lactate levels indicate that even highly trained athletes have negative metabolic outcomes when they are required to perform activities at a pace/mode they have not been trained (Margaria et al., 1964; Bangsbo et al., 1993).”
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“Margaria et al. (1963; 1964) cleverly matched both the aerobic and anaerobic component increases that were fitted to a single rate function scale with an energy cost of ~3.0 ml of oxygen uptake per kilogram of body weight.”
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“The theoretical ALCmax value has been calculated as approximating 820 J 9 kg -1 (di Prampero 1971; Margaria et al. 1964).”
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“In strenuous work, anaerobic processes continue to supply part of the energy (Margaria et al., 1964).”
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“On one side, there might be a slight overestimate of E La , because we assumed ̇ E La to start at time 0, whereas there might be a small delay of the order of a few seconds (Margaria et al. 1964), which could not be determined in the present case.”
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“The first experimental approaches to determine the maximal glycolytic flux by means of post-exercise lactate accumulation were performed by the research group of the University of Milan (Italy) that was highly influenced by the work of Rodolfo Margaria in the 1960s (Margaria et al. 1964).”
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“This is not in accordance with the observations of Paiment (1992), who reported a decrease in the smash jump height throughout a game without any decrease in block jump performance.”
ResultAssessment of physical activity in oxidative and anaerobic maximal exercise
Margaria, R. (1966) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00698146 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationLactate and Oxygen Debt: An Introduction
Knuttgen, H. G. (1971) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-4609-8_32 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A reassessment of the energetic significance of blood lactate accumulation during exercise
Ferretti, G., & di Prampero, P. E. (2026) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-026-06134-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“During supramaximal exercise (Margaria et al. 1963 , 1964 ; Pendergast et al. 1977; Capelli and di Prampero 1995; Grassi et al. 1995), or at least during exercise at constant powers above the MLSS (Beneke and Von Duvillard 1996 ; Beneke et al. 2003; Nixon et al., 2021), [ La ] increases linearly…”
Oxygen Dept: Its Role and Significance
Cerretelli, P. (1980) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67525-6_8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationKraft, W. (2010) · Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1973.tb00621.x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Binzoni, T. (2005) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science · doi:10.2114/jpa.24.175 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Exploration des performances anaérobies de l'enfant. Bilan de 30 ans de recherche
Duché, P., & Bedu, M. (2001) · Staps · doi:10.3917/sta.054.0109 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Magnétique Nucléaire Depuis les travaux de Margaria et al. (1964) il est admis que l’énergie nécessaire à la contraction musculaire au cours d’un exercice supramaximal de quelques secondes dépend essentiellement de la mobilisation des réserves musculaires en phosphagène (adénosine triphosphate :…”
BackgroundSteady state models provide an invalid estimate of intermittent resistance-exercise energy costs
Scott, C. B., & Reis, V. M. (2014) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Alactic Oxygen Debt: Its Power, Capacity and Efficiency
di Praznpero, P. E. (1971) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-4609-8_33 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Margaria, R., Cerretelli, P., & Mangili, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Milan (IT)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1964-07-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 623-628
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2227993785
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- lactic acid production, oxygen debt, exercise intensity, energy expenditure, oxidative metabolism, treadmill running
- MeSH terms
- Blood Chemical Analysis, Physical Exertion, Humans, Kinetics, Lactates, Metabolism, Muscles, Patient Discharge, Physics, Physiology, Exercise
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