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Role of osmolality and plasma volume during rehydration in humans
Abstract
To determine how the sodium content of ingested fluids affects drinking and the restoration of the body fluid compartments after dehydration, we studied six subjects during 4 h of recovery from 90-110 min of a heat [36 degrees C, less than 30% relative humidity (rh)] and exercise (40% maximal aerobic power) exposure, which caused body weight to decrease by 2.3%. During the 1st h, subjects rested seated without any fluids in a thermoneutral environment (28 degrees C, less than 30% rh) to allow the body fluid compartments to stabilize. Over the next 3 h, subjects rehydrated ad libitum using tap water and capsules containing either placebo (H2O-R) or 0.45 g NaCl (Na-R) per 100 ml water. During the 3-h rehydration period, subjects restored 68% of the lost water during H2O-R, whereas they restored 82% during Na-R (P less than 0.05). Urine volume was greater in H2O-R than in Na-R; thus only 51% of the lost water was retained during H2O-R, whereas 71% was retained during Na-R (P less than 0.05). Plasma osmolality was elevated throughout the rehydration period in Na-R, whereas it returned to the control level by 30 min in H2O-R (P less than 0.05). Changes in free water clearance followed changes in plasma osmolality. The restoration of plasma volume during Na-R was 174% of that lost. During H2O-R it was 78%, which seemed to be sufficient to diminish volume-dependent dipsogenic stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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“Unequivocally, post-exercise urine output decreases as the drink sodium concentration increases”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [82]
In the citing paper
“As these data indicate, plain water is not likely sufficient to restore fluid balance following training due to the consequent decrease in plasma sodium concentration and osmolality [82] causing diuresis.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [82]
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Pollock, M. L., Gaesser, G. A., Butcher, J. D., Despr??s, J.-P., Dishman, R. K., Franklin, B. A., & Garber, C. E. (1998) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199806000-00032 · Cited by 3,051
ACSM Position Stand: Exercise and Fluid Replacement
Convertino, V. A., Armstrong, L. E., Coyle, E. F., Mack, G. W., Sawka, M. N., Senay, L. C., & Sherman, W. M. (1996) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199610000-00045 · Cited by 1,977
Self-citationNational athletic trainers' association position statement: fluid replacement for athletes.
Casa, D. J., Armstrong, L. E., Hillman, S. K., Montain, S. J., Reiff, R. V., Rich, B. S. E., Roberts, W. O., & Stone, J. A. (2000) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 884
Dehydration: Physiology, Assessment, and Performance Effects
Cheuvront, S. N., & Kenefick, R. W. (2014) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c130017 · Cited by 461
“In contrast, simple changes in posture (202, 326) and even low intensity exercise ( ≤ 40% VO 2max ) (65, 151, 251) produce little effect, probably because osmotic equilibrium is not disrupted by the two-way fluid flow between the ISF and PV spaces which share the same osmotic pressures (62, 151, 267).”
McDermott, B. P., Anderson, S. A., Armstrong, L. E., Casa, D. J., Cheuvront, S. N., Cooper, L., Kenney, W. L., O'Connor, F. G., & Roberts, W. O. (2017) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-52.9.02 · Cited by 438
“As a consequence, all water compartments can dehydrate with sweating, contributing to a total body-water deficit and hypohydration.(164,165) The resulting hypovolemic hyperosmolality is thought to precipitate many of the physiological consequences associated with hypohydration.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Nose, H., Mack, G. W., Shi, X. R., & Nadel, E. R.
- Affiliations
- John B. Pierce Laboratory (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1988-07-01
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 325-331
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2157430501
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 20634)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- rehydration, plasma osmolality, plasma volume, sodium intake, dehydration, free water clearance, urine output, water retention, thirst, body fluid compartments
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Algorithms, Blood Volume, Body Weight, Dehydration, Electrolytes, Physical Exertion, Hot Temperature, Humans, Male, Osmolar Concentration, Sodium, Thirst, Urine, Water
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