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Influence of active muscle mass on glucose homeostasis during exercise in humans
Abstract
To study the effect of increasing amounts of exercising muscle mass on the relationship between glucose mobilization and peripheral glucose uptake, seven young men (23-28 yr) bicycled for 70 min at a work load of 55-60% VO2max. From minute 30 to 50, arm cranking was added and total work load increased to 82 +/- 4% VO2max. During leg exercise, hepatic glucose production (Ra) increased in parallel with peripheral glucose uptake (Rd) and euglycemia was maintained. During arm + leg exercise, Ra increased more than Rd and accordingly plasma glucose increased from 5.11 +/- 0.22 to 8.00 +/- 0.66 mmol/l (P less than 0.05). Plasma catecholamines increased three- to four-fold more during arm + leg exercise than during leg exercise. Leg glucose uptake increased with time regardless of arm cranking. Net leg lactate release during leg exercise was reverted to a net leg lactate uptake during arm + leg exercise. The rate of glycogen breakdown in exercising leg muscle was not altered by addition of arm cranking. In conclusion, when large amounts of muscle mass are active, plasma catecholamines increase sharply and mobilization of glucose exceeds peripheral glucose uptake. This indicates that mechanisms other than feedback regulation to maintain euglycemia are involved in hormonal and substrate mobilization during intense exercise in humans.
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“With regards to feedforward mechanisms, it was reported that blood glucose concentrations exhibit a disproportionate increase at the onset of exercise as a result of a rise in blood glucose production from the liver that relatively exceeds glucose uptake [117].”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [117]
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Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake
Richter, E. A., & Hargreaves, M. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00038.2012 · Cited by 1,407
Self-citationExercise-stimulated glucose uptake — regulation and implications for glycaemic control
Sylow, L., Kleinert, M., Richter, E. A., & Jensen, T. E. (2017) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.162 · Cited by 498
Self-citationSanford, J. A., Nogiec, C. D., Lindholm, M. E., Adkins, J., Amar, D., Dasari, S., Drugan, J. K., Fernández, F. M., Radom‐Aizik, S., Schenk, S., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.004 · Cited by 309
“, 1993), bioenergetic flux >10-fold (Kjaer et al., 1991; Romijn et al., 1993; Steensberg et al., 2000), and large dynamic range in gene expression from small to >100-fold changes (Louis et al.”
BackgroundThe anaerobic threshold: 50+ years of controversy
Poole, D. C., Rossiter, H. B., Brooks, G. A., & Gladden, L. B. (2021) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp279963 · Cited by 312
Mammalian fuel utilization during sustained exercise
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kjaer, M., Kiens, B., Hargreaves, M., & Richter, E. A.
- Affiliations
- August Krogh Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1991-08-01
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 552-557
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2287355722
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- glucose homeostasis, muscle mass, physical activity, hepatic glucose production, peripheral glucose uptake, normoglycemia, plasma catecholamines, arm cranking, lactate, glycogenolysis, glucose mobilization, high-intensity exercise
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arm, Blood Glucose, Catecholamines, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Glucose, Glycerol, Homeostasis, Hormones, Humans, Insulin, Leg, Liver, Male, Muscles, Organ Size, Oxygen Consumption, Regional Blood Flow, Exercise
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