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Responses of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons to high-intensity somatosensory stimulation in the anesthetized monkey
Abstract
Nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons of the mammalian midbrain play an important role in behavioral reactions. Their destruction in Parkinsonian patients and experimentally lesioned animals leads to a reduction and slowing of movements as well as other motor, cognitive, and motivational deficits. We tested the responses of DA neurons to somatosensory stimulation to gain insight into the nature of peripheral information reaching these neurons. Experiments were performed as repeated sessions in two anesthetized monkeys having chronically implanted recording chambers, thereby reducing the number of primates required for experimentation. Midbrain DA neurons were characterized by their histological location, by the form, duration, and frequency of extracellularly recorded, spontaneously occurring impulses, by antidromic activation from caudate and putamen, and by the reduction of impulse rate following systemic administration of low doses of the DA autoreceptor agonist apomorphine. Half of the midbrain DA neurons (65 of 145 neurons, 45%) were antidromically activated from chronically implanted stimulating electrodes in caudate (35 neurons), putamen (47 neurons), or both structures (17 of them). Conduction velocities ranged from 0.7 to 2.5 m/s, with medians of 1.2 and 1.5 m/s for neurons projecting to caudate and putamen, respectively. Half of the midbrain DA neurons were depressed (72 of 140 neurons, 51%) and less than a quarter activated (24 of 140 neurons, 17%) by intense noxious pinch stimulation to the body surface. Innocuous, even intense, surface or deep somatosensory stimuli were ineffective. Pinch responses continued during the whole stimulating period of several seconds in most DA neurons. There was no response habituation during repeated stimulation. Convergence between spinal and trigeminal input and from both body sides was seen for virtually all noxious pinch responses. Thus DA neurons typically responded in the same direction to pinch stimulation of hand, foot, face, tail, and dorsum of both sides. Systemic administration of the DA receptor antagonist haloperidol (0.33 or 0.50 mg/kg) strongly reduced pinch responses in all seven DA neurons tested. This provides evidence for an involvement of DAergic neurotransmission in the representation of exteroceptive input in the brain. The results show that midbrain DA neurons projecting to the striatum respond to noxious somatosensory input in the anesthetized monkey. The bilateral nontopographic nature of the responses does not support a role in precise stimulus recognition, rather it suggests a mechanism involved in basic neuronal processes underlying behavioral responsiveness.
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“Thus, it is possible that the previously reported activations of dopamine neurons by punishers15,17,19,21–24,134 may have been due to physical impact of the tested stimuli, rather than true aversiveness.”
From Dopamine reward prediction-error signalling: A two-component response (2016) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“The physical resemblance of a stimulus to other stimuli known to be associated with a reward can enhance the initial dopamine activation through generalization5,6,17,19,60.”
From Dopamine reward prediction-error signalling: A two-component response (2016) · cites this paper as [17]
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“In contrast, noxious pinch is effective and the responses, which are more frequently inhibitions rather than activations, last for as long as the stimulus is applied (Schultz and Romo, 1987; Romo and Schultz, 1989).”
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“More commonly, however, the response of the DA neurons is variable, with some putative DA neurons firing more, some less, and some unchanged (Chiodo et al. 1980; Schultz and Romo 1987; Horvitz 2000).”
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“They were identified based on previous electrophysiological criteria (27): regular and low tonic firing rates (mean ± SD: 4.7 ± 1.4 spikes per second), a long extracellular spike potential (2.4 ± 0.4 ms), positive activation to reward delivery in correct (rewarded) trials, and with a pause in error…”
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Brown, P. L., & Kiyatkin, E. A. (2008) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.04.027 · Cited by 16
“During general anesthesia presumed DA cells generally show no changes in activity following mild sensory stimulation (Coizet et al., 2006; Schultz and Romo, 1987; Tsai et al., 1980) but are both inhibited and activated by very strong, “noxious” stimuli (Chiodo et al, 1980; Coizet et al., 2006;…”
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Self-citationAdolescent Dopamine Neurons Represent Reward Differently during Action and State Guided Learning
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“, 1997; Chudler, 1998) and mechanical stimuli (Schultz and Romo, 1987).”
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“Subsequently, several studies found stimulation of the somatosensory system affects the dopaminergic system, which is related to motor function (Figure 4) (33-35).”
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“…has been shown to be involved in perception of pain and response to noxious stimuli in both awake and anesthetized animals (Gear et al., 1999; Schultz and Romo, 1987; Ungless et al., 2004), data from the Synapse saline scans indicated that there was no significant effect of i.p. injection of…”
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“Seemingly, it depends on the sample size, the intensity of aversive stimulus or the type of anaesthesia used (or lack thereof) (Brischoux et al., 2009; Coizet et al., 2006; Matsumoto & Hikosaka, 2009; Schultz & Romo, 1987; Valenti et al., 2011).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schultz, W., & Romo, R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1987-01-01
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 201-217
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W2338147507
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, somatosensory stimulation, antidromic activation, caudate nucleus, putamen, haloperidol, dopamine receptor antagonism, apomorphine, Parkinson's disease, dopamine autoreceptors
- MeSH terms
- Anesthesia, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Electric Stimulation, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory, Haloperidol, Macaca fascicularis, Neurons, Substantia Nigra
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