Route of nicotine administration influences in vivo dopamine neuron activity: habituation, needle injection, and cannula infusion
Open accessAbstract
Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) systems play a critical role in tobacco addiction driven by nicotine. Nicotine activates midbrain DA neurons and, consequently, elevates DA concentrations in targets, especially in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the ventral striatum. The route of drug administration influences the impact of addictive drugs. Here, we examine whether the nature of the administration alters DA neuron activity and DA concentrations in the NAc. Using unhabituated naïve freely moving rats, microdialysis measurements showed that nicotine administered via needle injection caused greater DA release in the NAc than the same dose administered via an implanted chronic cannula. After habituation to the needle injections, however, there was no significant difference in DA signaling between the needle and cannula routes of administration. Consistent with these microdialysis results after habituation, our in vivo tetrode unit recordings showed no significant difference in midbrain DA neuron activity in response to nicotine delivered by needle or cannula as long as predictive cues were avoided
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Aversive stimuli result in increased DA in target areas.
“resulting in increased DA in target areas (Dong et al., 2010; Horvitz, 2000; Kienast et al., 2008).”
From Dopamine regulates aversive contextual learning and associated in vivo synaptic plasticity in the Hippocampus (2016) · cites this paper as Dong et al., 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585 · see citing works
Zhang, Q., Wang, C., Zheng, M., Li, Y., Li, J., Zhang, L., Shang, X., & Yan, C. (2014) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000369778 · Cited by 11,609 · see citing works
Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030
Mathers, C. D., & Loncar, D. (2006) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442 · Cited by 11,386 · see citing works
A neural substrate of prediction and reward
Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1593 · Cited by 9,388 · see citing works
Di Chiara, G., & Imperato, A. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.14.5274 · Cited by 4,733 · see citing works
AChE-stained horizontal sections of the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates
Paxinos, G., WATSON, C. R. R., & Emson, P. C. (1980) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(80)90021-7 · Cited by 4,497 · see citing works
Dopamine, learning and motivation.
Wise, R. A. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1406 · Cited by 3,379 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This process occurs within the course of learning that shapes and reinforces rewarding behaviors (Volkow et al. 2002; Wise 2004; Hyman et al. 2006; Dani and Montague 2007).”
BackgroundBardo, M. T., & Hammer, R. P. (1991) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90226-e · Cited by 3,229 · see citing works
Reactivation of hippocampal ensemble memories during sleep
Wilson, M. A., & McNaughton, B. L. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8036517 · Cited by 3,118 · see citing works
NEURAL MECHANISMS OF ADDICTION: The Role of Reward-Related Learning and Memory
Hyman, S. E., Malenka, R. C., & Nestler, E. J. (2006) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113009 · Cited by 2,647 · see citing works
Behavioral Theories and the Neurophysiology of Reward
Schultz, W. (2006) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070229 · Cited by 1,637 · see citing works
The psychology and neurobiology of addiction: an incentive–sensitization view
Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (2000) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.95.8s2.19.x · Cited by 1,507 · see citing works
Picciotto, M. R., Zoli, M., Rimondini, R., Léna, C., Marubio, L. M., Pich, E. M., Fuxe, K., & Changeux, J.-P. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/34413 · Cited by 1,320 · see citing works
Midbrain dopamine neurons encode a quantitative reward prediction error signal
Bayer, H. M., & Glimcher, P. W. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.05.020 · Cited by 1,304 · see citing works
Effects of nicotine on the nucleus accumbens and similarity to those of addictive drugs.
Pontieri, F. E., Tanda, G., Orzi, F., & Chiara, G. D. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382255a0 · Cited by 1,073 · see citing works
Clarke, P. B. S., Schwartz, R., Paul, S. M., Cb, P., & Pert, A. (1985) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.05-05-01307.1985 · Cited by 1,037 · see citing works
Schultz, W. (2007) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.03.007 · Cited by 1,028 · see citing works
Mesolimbocortical and nigrostriatal dopamine responses to salient non-reward events
Horvitz, J. C. (2000) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00019-1 · Cited by 967 · see citing works
Preferential activation of midbrain dopamine neurons by appetitive rather than aversive stimuli
Mirenowicz, J., & Schultz, W. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379449a0 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
The mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of nicotine
Corrigall, W. A., Franklin, K. B. J., Coen, K. M., & Clarke, P. B. S. (1992) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245149 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Uniform Inhibition of Dopamine Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area by Aversive Stimuli
Ungless, M. A., Magill, P. J., & Bolam, J. P. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093360 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Nicotine activates and desensitizes midbrain dopamine neurons
Pidoplichko, V. I., DeBiasi, M., Williams, J. T., & Dani, J. A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/37120 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Pruessner, J. C., Champagne, F., Meaney, M. J., & Dagher, A. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3422-03.2004 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Role of dopamine in the behavioural actions of nicotine related to addiction
Chiara, G. D. (2000) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00122-9 · Cited by 680 · see citing works
The scientific case that nicotine is addictive
Stolerman, I. P., & Jarvis, M. J. (1995) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245088 · Cited by 646 · see citing works
Molecular and cellular aspects of nicotine abuse
Dani, J. A., & Heinemann, S. (1996) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80112-9 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Nicotine amplifies reward-related dopamine signals in striatum
Rice, M. E., & Cragg, S. J. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1244 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Endogenous nicotinic cholinergic activity regulates dopamine release in the striatum
Zhou, F.-M., Liang, Y., & Dani, J. A. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn769 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Nicotine maintains robust self-administration in rats on a limited-access schedule
Corrigall, W. A., & Coen, K. M. (1989) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00589894 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Benowitz, N. (2008) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.2008.3 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Volkow, N. (2002) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.2002.4099 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Firing modes of midbrain dopamine cells in the freely moving rat
Hyland, B. I., Reynolds, J. N. J., HAY, J. G., Perk, C. G., & Miller, R. (2002) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00267-1 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Cellular and synaptic mechanisms of nicotine addiction
Mansvelder, H. D., & McGehee, D. S. (2002) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.10148 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Salminen, O., Murphy, K. L., McIntosh, J. M., Drago, J., Marks, M. J., Collins, A. C., & Grady, S. R. (2004) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.65.6.1526 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Nicotinic effects on the firing pattern of midbrain dopamine neurons
GRENHOFF, J., ASTON‐JONES, G., & SVENSSON, T. H. (1986) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1986.tb07988.x · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Nicotine addiction and comorbidity with alcohol abuse and mental illness
Dani, J. A., & Harris, R. A. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1580 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Self-citationFrequency-dependent modulation of dopamine release by nicotine
Zhang, H., & Sulzer, D. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1243 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Dopamine-mediated modulation of odour-evoked amygdala potentials during pavlovian conditioning
Rosenkranz, J. A., & Grace, A. A. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/417282a · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Book Review: Reward Signaling by Dopamine Neurons
Schultz, W. (2001) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/107385840100700406 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
The Principles of Addiction Medicine
Karch, S. B. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420054446-5 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
The role of stress in the pathophysiology of the dopaminergic system
Pani, L., Porcella, A., & Gessa, G. L. (2000) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000589 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Scott, D., Heitzeg, M. M., Koeppe, R. A., Stohler, C. S., & Zubieta, J. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2577-06.2006 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Calabresi, P., Lacey, M. G., & North, R. A. (1989) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb16873.x · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Crack Cocaine and Cocaine Hydrochloride
Hatsukami, D. K. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540190052029 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Synaptic Plasticity and Nicotine Addiction
Dani, J. A., Ji, D., & Zhou, F.-M. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00379-8 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
The subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on dopaminergic terminals of mouse striatum
Grady, S. R., Salminen, O., Laverty, D. C., Whiteaker, P., McIntosh, J. M., Collins, A. C., & Marks, M. J. (2007) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.07.032 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Balfour, D. (2004) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200412331324965 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Dopaminergic neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area. I. Identification and characterization
Wang, R. Y. (1981) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(81)90002-3 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Presynaptic nicotinic receptors modulating dopamine release in the rat striatum
Wonnacott, S., Kaiser, S., Mogg, A., Soliakov, L., & Jones, I. W. (2000) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00005-4 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
The putative role of extra-synaptic mesolimbic dopamine in the neurobiology of nicotine dependence
Balfour, D. J. K., Wright, A. E., Benwell, M. E. M., & Birrell, C. E. (2000) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(00)00202-3 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Salas, R., Pieri, F., & De Biasi, M. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1939-04.2004 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Nisell, M., Nomikos, G. G., & Svensson, T. H. (1994) · Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1994.tb00373.x · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Pidoplichko, V. I., Noguchi, J., Areola, O. O., Liang, Y., Peterson, J., Zhang, T., & Dani, J. A. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.70004 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
The neurobiology of tobacco addiction
Stolerman, I. P., & Shoaib, M. C. (1991) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0165-6147(91)90638-9 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Schultz, W., & Romo, R. (1987) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1987.57.1.201 · Cited by 184 · cited 1× · see citing works
“More commonly, however, the response of the DA neurons is variable, with some putative DA neurons firing more, some less, and some unchanged (Chiodo et al. 1980; Schultz and Romo 1987; Horvitz 2000).”
BackgroundRestraint increases dopaminergic burst firing in awake rats
Anstrom, K. K., & Woodward, D. J. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300730 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Chiodo, L. A., Antelman, S. M., Caggiula, A. R., & Lineberry, C. G. (1980) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)90366-2 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Dopamine in amygdala gates limbic processing of aversive stimuli in humans
Kienast, T., Hariri, A. R., Schlagenhauf, F., Wrase, J., Sterzer, P., Buchholz, H. G., Smolka, M. N., Gründer, G., Cumming, P., Kumakura, Y., et al. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2222 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G., Fischman, M. W., Foltin, R. W., Fowler, J. S., Franceschi, D., Franceschi, M., Logan, J., Gatley, S. J., Wong, C., et al. (2000) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00731-1 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Jones, I. W., Bolam, J. P., & Wonnacott, S. (2001) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.1345 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Nicotine self-administration in animals as a dependence model
Corrigall, W. A. (1999) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622299050011121 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Low doses of apomorphine elicit two opposing influences on dopamine cell electrophysiology
Grace, A. A., & Bunney, B. S. (1985) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91582-3 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Keefe, K. A., Sved, A. F., Zigmond, M. J., & Abercrombie, E. D. (1993) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb09837.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Dopamine D2 Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Dopaminergic Neurons in Mice Lacking D2L Receptors
Centonze, D. (2002) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(02)00367-6 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Pan, W. X., Schmidt, R., Wickens, J. R., & Hyland, B. I. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0255-08.2008 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Robinson, S., Smith, D. M., Mizumori, S. J. Y., & Palmiter, R. D. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0405084101 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Nicotinic receptor blockade therapy and smoking cessation.
Clarke, P. B. S. (1991) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01797.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
State-specific prevalence of cigarette smoking and quitting among adults--United States, 2004.
(2005) · PubMed · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Disrupting addiction through the loss of drug-associated internal states
Dani, J. A., & Montague, P. R. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn0407-403 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Most Addictive Drug, the Most Deadly Substance: Smoking Cessation Tactics for the Busy Clinician
Crane, R. (2007) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2007.02.003 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Broussard, J. I., Yang, K., Levine, A. T., Tsetsenis, T., Jenson, D., Cao, F., Garcia, I., Arenkiel, B. R., Zhou, F.-M., De Biasi, M., et al. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.070 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
“A population of ventral VTA neurons located within the paranigral nucleus (PN) has been shown to respond specifically to aversive stimuli within seconds (Brischoux et al., 2009), resulting in increased DA in target areas (Dong et al., 2010; Horvitz, 2000; Kienast et al., 2008).”
BackgroundZhang, L., Dong, Y., Doyon, W. M., & Dani, J. A. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.07.024 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Liu, L., Zhao-Shea, R., McIntosh, J. M., Gardner, P. D., & Tapper, A. R. (2012) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.111.076661 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Drug-Driven AMPA Receptor Redistribution Mimicked by Selective Dopamine Neuron Stimulation
Brown, M. T. C., Bellone, C., Mameli, M., Labouèbe, G., Bocklisch, C., Balland, B., Dahan, L., Luján, R., Deisseroth, K. A., & Lüscher, C. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015870 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Doyon, W. M., Dong, Y., Ostroumov, A., Thomas, A. M., Zhang, T. A., & Dani, J. A. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.06.006 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
McCallum, S. E., Cowe, M. A., Lewis, S. W., & Glick, S. D. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.04.015 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Neurophysiology of Nicotine Addiction
Dani, J. A., Jenson, D., & Broussard, J. I. (2012) · Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2155-6105.s1-001 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Thomas, A. M., Ostroumov, A., Kimmey, B. A., Taormina, M. B., Holden, W. M., Kim, K., Brown-Mangum, T., & Dani, J. A. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.030 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Anxiogenic-like effects of chronic nicotine exposure in zebrafish
Stewart, A., Grossman, L., Collier, A. D., Echevarria, D. J., & Kalueff, A. V. (2015) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2015.01.016 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Acute in vivo nicotine administration enhances synchrony among dopamine neurons
Li, W., Doyon, W. M., & Dani, J. A. (2011) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.006 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Convergent Neuronal Plasticity and Metaplasticity Mechanisms of Stress, Nicotine, and Alcohol
Ostroumov, A., & Dani, J. A. (2017) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052735 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Souter, E. A., Chen, Y.-C., Zell, V., Lallai, V., Steinkellner, T., Conrad, W. S., Wisden, W., Harris, K. D., Fowler, C. D., & Hnasko, T. S. (2021) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0481-21.2021 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Quantitative unit classification of ventral tegmental area neurons in vivo
Li, W., Doyon, W. M., & Dani, J. A. (2012) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00575.2011 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Pitx3 deficiency produces decreased dopamine signaling and induces motor deficits in Pitx3(−/−) mice
Le, W., Zhang, L., Xie, W., Li, S., & Dani, J. A. (2015) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.08.012 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Muñoz-Castañeda, R., Díaz, D., Ávila-Zarza, C. A., Alonso, J. R., & Weruaga, E. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3284-5 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Connor, D. A., & Gould, T. J. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.033 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Doyon, W. M., Ostroumov, A., Ontiveros, T., Gonzales, R. A., & Dani, J. A. (2020) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12899 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Dong, Y., Dani, J. A., & Blakely, R. (2013) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.07.019 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Konno, D., Nakayama, R., Tsunoda, M., Funatsu, T., Ikegaya, Y., & Sasaki, T. (2019) · Journal of Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2019.02.006 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Rose, J. E., & Dehkordi, O. (2016) · Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2155-6105.1000274 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effect of chronic vapor nicotine exposure on affective and cognitive behavior in male mice
Murdaugh, L., Miliano, C., Chen, I., Faunce, C. L., Natividad, L. A., Gregus, A. M., & Buczynski, M. W. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-56766-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Presynaptic Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Subtypes and Functions
Marks, M. J., Grady, S. R., McClure‐Begley, T. D., O’Neill, H. C., & Zambrano, C. A. (2014) · The Receptors · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1167-7_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ma, Y., Song, Z., Chen, Y., Liu, G., Li, X., Han, S., Fu, Y., Chen, H., & Hou, H. (2026) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2026.111205
- Authors
- Dong, Y., Zhang, T., Li, W., Doyon, W., & Dani, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dani, John A.
- Venue
- Journal of Molecular Neuroscience
- Published
- 2009-08-28
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 164-171
- ISSN
- 0895-8696 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-1166
- PMC
- PMC2891747
- OpenAlex
- W2163055705
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Molecular Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA009411, DA009411)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS021229, R37NS021229, R01NS021229)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- nicotine, dopaminergic neurons, route of administration, needle injection, nucleus accumbens, mesolimbic dopamine system, tobacco dependence, habituation, dopamine release, midbrain dopaminergic neurons, predictive cues
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Brain, Catheterization, Cues, Dopamine, Drug Administration Routes, Infusion Pumps, Injections, Male, Needles, Neurons, Nicotine, Nucleus Accumbens, Reward, Tobacco Use Disorder, Microdialysis, Ventral Tegmental Area, Nicotinic Agonists, Substance-Related Disorders, Rats, Long-Evans, Extracellular Fluid, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review