Preconditioning the myocardium: from cellular physiology to clinical cardiology
Abstract
Yellon, Derek M., and James M. Downey. Preconditioning the Myocardium: From Cellular Physiology to Clinical Cardiology. Physiol Rev 83: 1113-1151, 2003; 10.1152/physrev.00009.2003.—The phenomenon of ischemic preconditioning, in which a period of sublethal ischemia can profoundly protect the cell from infarction during a subsequent ischemic insult, has been responsible for an enormous amount of research over the last 15 years. Ischemic preconditioning is associated with two forms of protection: a classical form lasting ∼2 h after the preconditioning ischemia followed a day later by a second window of protection lasting ∼3 days. Both types of preconditioning share similarities in that the preconditioning ischemia provokes the release of several autacoids that trigger protection by occupying cell surface receptors. Receptor occupancy activates complex signaling cascades which during the lethal ischemia converge on one or more end-effectors to mediate the protection. The end-effectors so far have eluded identification, although a number have been proposed. A range of different pharmacological agents that activate the signaling cascades at the various levels can mimic ischemic preconditioning leading to the hope that specific therapeutic agents can be designed to exploit the profound protection seen with ischemic preconditioning. This review examines, in detail, the complex mechanisms associated with both forms of preconditioning as well as discusses the possibility to exploit this phenomenon in the clinical setting. As our understanding of the mechanisms associated with preconditioning are unravelled, we believe we can look forward to the development of new therapeutic agents with novel mechanisms of action that can supplement current treatment options for patients threatened with acute myocardial infarction.
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Ischemic preconditioning, in which brief cycles of ischemia and reperfusion precede prolonged ischemia, reduces damage from ischemia/reperfusion.
“However, the damage occurring during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) can be reduced by ischemic preconditioning where the prolonged ischemic period is preceded by one or more brief (2-5 min) cycles of ischemia and reperfusion [8,39,124].”
From Differential effects of complex II on mitochondrial ROS production and their relation to cardioprotective pre- and postconditioning (2013) · cites this paper as [124]
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Ischemic Preconditioning in Pigs: A Graded Phenomenon
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Myocardial protection is lost before contractile function recovers from ischemic preconditioning
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Kidney ischemic preconditioning
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Preconditioning does not attenuate myocardial stunning.
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Self-citationAcute ischaemic preconditioning protects against skeletal muscle infarction in the pig
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Ischemic Preconditioning Activates MAPKAPK2 in the Isolated Rabbit Heart
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Self-citationPreconditioning does not prevent postischemic dysfunction in aging heart
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“Isolated rabbit hearts continued to be protected by ischemic preconditioning in the presence of L-NAME, strongly arguing against such a trigger role (247).”
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MECHANISMS OF ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING
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- Authors
- YELLON, D. M., & DOWNEY, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University College Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- Physiological Reviews
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1113-1151
- ISSN
- 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1210
- OpenAlex
- W2047876380
- Cited by
- 1,062
- References
- 424
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 73
- FWCI
- 8.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Keywords
- ischemic preconditioning, myocardial infarction, cardioprotection, autacoids, second window of protection, pharmacological preconditioning
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Myocardium, Myocardial Ischemia, Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial, Myocytes, Cardiac
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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