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Cited by 490

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 448 of the 448 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Dynamics and Consequences of Potassium Shifts in Skeletal Muscle and Heart During Exercise

Sejersted, Ole M., Sjøgaard, Gisela·2000·Physiological Reviews
DOI 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.4.1411
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Abstract

Since it became clear that K+shifts with exercise are extensive and can cause more than a doubling of the extracellular [K+] ([K+]s) as reviewed here, it has been suggested that these shifts may cause fatigue through the effect on muscle excitability and action potentials (AP). The cause of the K+shifts is a transient or long-lasting mismatch between outward repolarizing K+currents and K+influx carried by the Na+-K+pump. Several factors modify the effect of raised [K+]s during exercise on membrane potential ( E m) and force production. 1) Membrane conductance to K+is variable and controlled by various K+channels. Low relative K+conductance will reduce the contribution of [K+]s to the E m. In addition, high Cl−conductance may stabilize the E m during brief periods of large K+shifts. 2) The Na+-K+pump contributes with a hyperpolarizing current. 3) Cell swelling accompanies muscle contractions especially in fast-twitch muscle, although little in the heart. This will contribute considerably to the lowering of intracellular [K+] ([K+]c) and will attenuate the exercise-induced rise of intracellular [Na+] ([Na+]c). 4) The rise of [Na+]c is sufficient to activate the Na+-K+pump to completely compensate increased K+release in the heart, yet not in skeletal muscle. In skeletal muscle there is strong evidence for control of pump activity not only through hormones, but through a hitherto unidentified mechanism. 5) Ionic shifts within the skeletal muscle t tubules and in the heart in extracellular clefts may markedly affect excitation-contraction coupling. 6) Age and state of training together with nutritional state modify muscle K+content and the abundance of Na+-K+pumps. We conclude that despite modifying factors coming into play during muscle activity, the K+shifts with high-intensity exercise may contribute substantially to fatigue in skeletal muscle, whereas in the heart, except during ischemia, the K+balance is controlled much more effectively.

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Metadata

Authors
Sejersted, O. M., & Sjøgaard, G.
Venue
Physiological Reviews
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2000-01-10
Volume
80
Issue
4
Pages
1411-1481
ISSN
  • 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1210
DOI
10.1152/physrev.2000.80.4.1411
OpenAlex
W2156262323
Cited by
490
References
448
FWCI
0.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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