CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 145Medical Imaging Techniques and ApplicationsOptical Imaging and Spectroscopy TechniquesPhotoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging

Non‐Invasive in vivo Imaging in Small Animal Research

Open access
Koo, V., Hamilton, P. W., Williamson, K.·2006·Analytical Cellular Pathology
DOI 10.1155/2006/245619PMC PMC4617494
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Non‐invasive real time in vivo molecular imaging in small animal models has become the essential bridge between in vitro data and their translation into clinical applications. The tremendous development and technological progress, such as tumour modelling, monitoring of tumour growth and detection of metastasis, has facilitated translational drug development. This has added to our knowledge on carcinogenesis. The modalities that are commonly used include Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), bioluminescence imaging, fluorescence imaging and multi‐modality imaging systems. The ability to obtain multiple images longitudinally provides reliable information whilst reducing animal numbers. As yet there is no one modality that is ideal for all experimental studies. This review outlines the instrumentation available together with corresponding applications reported in the literature with particular emphasis on cancer research. Advantages and limitations to current imaging technology are discussed and the issues concerning small animal care during imaging are highlighted.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1155/2006/245619

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 66

  1. [1][1] D. Artemov, N. Mori, R. Ravi and Z.M. Bhujwalla, Magnetic resonance molecular imaging of the HER-2/neu receptor, Cancer Res. 63 (2003), 2723-2727. -
  2. [2][2] R.S. Balaban and V.A. Hampshire, Challenges in small animal noninvasive imaging, ILAR J . 42 (2001), 248-262. -
  3. [3][3] B. Ballou, B.C. Lagherholm, L.A. Ernst, M.P. Bruchez and A.S. Waggoner, Noninvasive imaging of quantum dots in mice, Bioconjug. Chem. 15 (2004), 79-86. -
  4. [4][4] N. Beckmann, C. Cannet, M. Fringeli-Tanner, D. Baumann, C. Pally, C. Bruns, H.G. Zerwes, E. Andriambeloson and M. Bigaud, Macrophage labeling by SPIO as an early marker of allograft chronic rejection in a rat model of kidney transplantation, Magn. Reson. Med. 49 (2003), 459-467. -
  5. [5][5] F. Berger, Y.P. Lee, A.M. Loening, A. Chatziioannou, S.J. Freedland, R. Leahy, J.R. Lieberman, A.S. Belldegrun, C.L. Sawyers and S.S. Gambhir, Whole-body skeletal imaging in mice utilizing microPET: Optimization of reproducibility and applications in animal models of bone disease, Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 29 (2002), 1225-1236. -
  6. [6][6] S. Bhaumik, Z. Walls, M. Puttaraju, L.G. Mitchell and S.S. Gambhir, Molecular imaging of gene expression in living subjects by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 (2004), 8693-8698. -
  7. [7][7] C. Bos, Y. Delmas, A. Desmouliere, A. Solanilla, O. Hauger, C. Grosset, I. Dubus, Z. Ivanovic, J. Rosenbaum, P. Charbord, C. Combe, J.W. Bulte, C.T. Moonen, J. Ripoche and N. Grenier, In vivo MR imaging of intravascularly injected magnetically labeled mesenchymal stem cells in rat kidney and liver, Radiology 233 (2004), 781-789. -
  8. [8][8] C. Bremer, V. Ntziachristos and R. Weissleder, Optical-based molecular imaging: contrast agents and potential medical applications, Eur. Radiol. 13 (2003), 231-243. -
  9. [9][9] A.S. Brown, L. Leamen, V. Cucevic and F.S. Foster, Quantitation of hemodynamic function during developmental vascular regression in the mouse eye, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46 (2005), 2231-2237. -
  10. [10][10] A. Chatziioannou, Y.C. Tai, N. Doshi and S.R. Cherry, Detector development for microPET II: a 1 microl resolution PET scanner for small animal imaging, Phys. Med. Biol. 46 (2001), 2899-2910. -
  11. [11][11] A.F. Chatziioannou, Molecular imaging of small animals with dedicated PET tomographs, Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 29 (2002), 98114. -
  12. [12][12] X. Chen, S. Liu, Y. Hou, M. Tohme, R. Park, J.R. Bading and P.S. Conti, MicroPET imaging of breast cancer α v-integrin expression with 64 Cu-labelled dimeric RGD peptides, Mol. Imaging Biol . 6 (2004), 350-359. -
  13. [13][13] S.R. Cherry and S.S. Gambhir, Use of positron emission tomography in animal research, Ilar. J. 42 (2001), 219-232. -
  14. [14][14] P.L. Chow, D.B. Stout, E. Komisopoulou and A.F. Chatziioannou, A method of image registration for small animal, multimodality imaging, Phys. Med. Biol. 51 (2006), 379-390. -
  15. [15][15] L.A. Colby and B.J. Morenko, Clinical considerations in rodent bioimaging, Comp. Med . 54 (2004), 623-630. -
  16. [17][17] M. Doubrovin, V. Ponomarev, T. Beresten, J. Balatoni, W. Bornmann, R. Finn, J. Humm, S. Larson, M. Sadelain, R. Blasberg and J. Gelovani Tjuvajev, Imaging transcriptional regulation of p53-dependent genes with positron emission tomography in vivo , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 (2001), 93009305. -
  17. [18][18] P.A. Flecknell, Anaesthesia of animals for biomedical research, Br. J. Anaesth . 71 (1993), 885-894. -
  18. [19][19] Gassmann, M. and T. Hennet, From genetically altered mice to integrative physiology, News Physiol. Sci. 13 (1998), 53-57. -
  19. [20][20] O. Gauthier, R. Muller, D. von Stechow, B. Lamy, P. Weiss, J.M. Bouler, E. Aguado and G. Daculsi, In vivo bone regeneration with injectable calcium phosphate biomaterial: a threedimensional micro-computed tomographic, biomechanical and SEM study, Biomaterials 27 (2005), 5444-5453. -
  20. [21][21] J.L. Griffin and J.P. Shockcor, Metabolic profiles of cancer cells, Nat. Rev. Cancer . 4 (2004), 551-561. -
  21. [22][22] J.W. Hastings, Chemistries and colors of bioluminescent reactions: a review, Gene 173 (1996), 5-11. -
  22. [23][23] A. Honigman, E. Zeira, P. Ohana, R. Abramovitz, E. Tavor, I. Bar, Y. Zilberman, R. Rabinovsky, D. Gazit, A. Joseph, A. Panet, E. Shai, A. Palmon, M. Laster and E. Galun, Imaging transgene expression in live animals, Mol. Ther. 4 (2001), 239-249. -
  23. [24][24] M.L. Janssen, W.J. Oyen, I. Dijkgraaf, L.F. Massuger, C. Frielink, D.S. Edwards, M. Rajopadhye, H. Boonstra, F.H. Corstens and O.C. Boerman, Tumor targeting with radiolabeled α v β 3 integrin binding peptides in a nude mouse model, Cancer Res. 62 (2002), 6146-6151. -
  24. [25][25] D.E. Jenkins, Y. Oei, Y.S. Hornig, S.F. Yu, J. Dusich, T. Purchio and P.R. Contag, Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) to improve and refine traditional murine models of tumor growth and metastasis, Clin. Exp. Metastasis 20 (2003), 733-744. -
  25. [26][26] P. Johnström, T.D. Fryer, H.K. Richards, N.G. Harris, O. Barret, J.C. Clark, J.D. Pickard and A.P. Davenport, Positron emission tomography using 18F-labelled endothelin-1 reveals prevention of binding to cardiac receptors owing to tissue-specific clearance by ET B receptors in vivo , Br. J. Pharmacol. 144 (2005), 115-122. -
  26. [27][27] K. Kaneko, M. Yano, T. Yamano, T. Tsujinaka, H. Miki, Y. Akiyama, M. Taniguchi, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Doki, M. Inoue et al., Detection of peritoneal micrometastases of gastric carcinoma with green fluorescent protein and carcinoembryonic antigen promoter, Cancer Res. 61 (2001), 5570-5574. -
  27. [28][28] S. Ke, X. Wen, M. Gurfinkel, C. Charnsangavej, S. Wallace, E.M. Sevick-Muraca et al., Near-infrared optical imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor in breast cancer xenografts, Cancer Res. 63 (2003), 7870-7875. -
  28. [29][29] M.F. Kircher, J.R. Allport, E.E. Graves, V. Love, L. Josephson, A.H. Lichtman and R. Weissleder, In vivo high resolution three-dimensional imaging of antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte trafficking to tumors, Cancer Res. 63 (2003), 6838-6846. -
  29. [30][30] J.C. LaManna and S.I. Harik, Regional studies of blood-brain barrier transport of glucose and leucine in awake and anesthetized rats, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 6 (1986), 717-723. -
  30. [31][31] Y. Lin, R. Weissleder and C.H. Tung, Novel near-infraredcyanine fluorochromes: Synthesis, properties, and bioconjugation, Bioconjug. Chem. 13 (2002), 605-610. -
  31. [32][32] S.K. Lyons, Advances in imaging mouse tumour models in vivo , J. Pathol. 205 (2005), 194-205. -
  32. [33][33] T.F. Massoud and S.S. Gambhir, Molecular imaging in living subjects: seeing fundamental biological processes in a new light, Genes Dev . 17 (2003), 545-580. -
  33. [34][34] T.F. Massoud, R. Paulmurugan and S.S. Gambhir, Molecular imaging of homodimeric protein-protein interactions in living subjects, FASEB J. 18 (2004), 1105-1107. -
  34. [35][35] A. Moore, Z. Medarova, A. Potthast and G. Dai, In vivo targeting of underglycosylated MUC-1 tumor antigen using a multimodal imaging probe, Cancer Res. 64 (2004), 1821-1827. -
  35. [36][36] V. Ntziachristos and R. Weissleder, Charge-coupled-device based scanner for tomography of fluorescent near-infrared probes in turbid media, Med. Phys. 29 (2002), 803-809. -
  36. [37][37] V. Ntziachristos, C.H. Tung, C. Bremer and R. Weissleder, Fluorescence molecular tomography resolves protease activity in vivo , Nat. Med. 8 (2002), 757-760. -
  37. [38][38] T. Olafsen, V.E. Kenanova, G. Sundaresan, A.L. Anderson, D. Crow, P.J. Yazaki, L. Li, M.F. Press, S.S. Gambhir, L.E. Williams, J.Y. Wong, A.A. Raubitschek, J.E. Shively and A.M. Wu, Optimizing radiolabelled engineered anti-p185 HER2 antibody fragments for in vivo imaging, Cancer Res. 65 (2005), 5907-5916. -
  38. [39][39] M.J. Paulus, S.S. Gleason, M.E. Easterly and C.J. Foltz, A review of high-resolution X-ray computed tomography and other imaging modalities for small animal research, Lab. Anim. (NY) 30 (2001), 36-45. -
  39. [40][40] O. Peyruchaud, B. Winding, I. Pecheur, C.M. Serre, P. Delmas and P. Clezardin, Early detection of bone metastases in a murine model using fluorescent human breast cancer cells: application to the use of the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid in the treatment of osteolytic lesions, J. Bone Miner. Res. 16 (2001), 2027-2034. -
  40. [41][41] R.D. Phair and T. Misteli, Kinetic modelling approaches to in vivo imaging, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2 (2001), 898-907. -
  41. [42][42] A. Pichler, J.L. Prior and D. Piwnica-Worms, Imaging reversal of multidrug resistance in living mice with bioluminescence: MDR1 P-glycoprotein transports coelenterazine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 (2004), 1702-1707. -
  42. [43][43] P.J. Pickhardt, R.B. Halberg, A.J. Taylor, B.Y. Durkee, J. Fine, F.T. Lee, Jr. and J.P. Weichert, Microcomputed tomography colonography for polyp detection in an in vivo mouse tumor model, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 (2005), 3419-3422. -
  43. [44][44] V. Ponomarev, M. Doubrovin, I. Serganova, J. Vider, A. Shavrin, T. Beresten, A. Ivanova, L. Ageyeva, V. Tourkova, J. Balatoni, W. Bornmann, R. Blasberg and J. Gelovani Tjuvajev, A novel triple-modality reporter gene for whole-body fluorescent, bioluminescent, and nuclear noninvasive imaging, Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 31 (2004), 740-751. -
  44. [45][45] A. Preda, V. Novikov, M. Moglich, K. Turetschek, D.M. Shames, R.C. Brasch, F.M. Cavagna and T.P. Roberts, MRI monitoring of Avastin antiangiogenesis therapy using B22956/1, a new blood pool contrast agent, in an experimental model of human cancer, J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 20 (2004), 865-873. -
  45. [46][46] D.L. Prout, R.W. Silverman and A. Chatziioannou, Detector concept for OPET-A combined PET and optical imaging system, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 51 (2004), 752-756. -
  46. [47][47] P. Ray, A.M. Wu and S.S. Gambhir, Optical bioluminescence and positron emission tomography imaging of a novel fusion reporter gene in tumor xenografts of living mice, Cancer Res. 63 (2003), 1160-1165. -
  47. [48][48] H.L. Rocchetta, C.J. Boylan, J.W. Foley, P.W. Iversen, D.L. LeTourneau, C.L. McMillian, P.R. Contag, D.E. Jenkins and T.R. Parr, Jr., Validation of a noninvasive, real-time imaging technology using bioluminescent Escherichia coli in the neutropenic mouse thigh model of infection, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45 (2001), 129-137. -
  48. [49][49] D.J. Rowland, J.R. Garbow, R. Laforest and A.Z. Snyder, Registration of [18F]FDG microPET and small-animal MRI, Nucl. Med. Biol. 32 (2005), 567-572. -
  49. [50][50] E.A. Schellenberger, A. Bogdanov, Jr., D. Hogemann, J. Tait, R. Weissleder and L. Josephson, Annexin V-CLIO: a nanoparticle for detecting apoptosis by MRI, Mol. Imaging 1 (2002), 102-107. -
  50. [51][51] C.A. Schmitt, J.S. Fridman, M. Yang, S. Lee, E. Baranov, R.M. Hoffman and S.W. Lowe, A senescence program controlled by p53 and p16INK4a contributes to the outcome of cancer therapy, Cell 109 (2002), 335-346. -
  51. [52][52] N.C. Shaner, P.A. Steinbach and R.Y. Tsien, A guide to choosing fluorescent proteins, Nat. Methods 2 (2005), 905-909. -
  52. [53][53] O. Szentirmai, C.H. Baker, N. Lin, S. Szucs, M. Takahashi, S. Kiryu, A.L. Kung, R.C. Mulligan and B.S. Carter, Nonin- 16. vasive bioluminescence imaging of luciferase expressing intracranial U87 xenografts: correlation with magnetic resonance imaging determined tumor volume and longitudinal use in assessing tumor growth and antiangiogenic treatment effect, Neurosurgery 58 (2006), 365-372. -
  53. [54][54] K.M. Thrailkill, L. Liu, E.C. Wahl, R.C. Bunn, D.S. Perrien, G.E. Cockrell, R.A. Skinner, W.R. Hogue, A.A. Carver, J.L. Fowlkes, J. Aronson and C.K. Lumpkin, Jr., Bone formation is impaired in a model of type 1 diabetes, Diabetes 54 (2005), 2875-2881. -
  54. [55][55] D.W. Townsend, A combined PET/CT scanner: The choices, J. Nucl. Med. 42 (2001), 533-534. -
  55. [56][56] D.W. Townsend and S.R. Cherry, Combining anatomy and function: The path to true image fusion, Eur. Radiol. 11 (2001), 1968-1974. -
  56. [57][57] T. Troy, D. Jekic-McMullen, L. Sambucetti and B. Rice, Quantitative comparison of the sensitivity of detection of fluorescent and bioluminescent reporters in animal models, Mol. Imaging 3 (2004), 9-23. -
  57. [58][58] S.M. Weber, K.A. Peterson, B. Durkee, C. Qi, M. Longino, T. Warner, F.T. Lee, Jr. and J.P. Weichert, Imaging of murine liver tumor using microCT with a hepatocyte-selective contrast agent: accuracy is dependent on adequate contrast enhancement, J. Surg. Res. 119 (2004), 41-45. -
  58. [60][60] R. Weissleder, Scaling down imaging: molecular mapping of cancer in mice, Nat. Rev. Cancer 2 (2002), 11-18. -
  59. [61][61] R. Weissleder and U. Mahmood, Molecular imaging, Radiology 219 (2001), 316-333. -
  60. [62][62] T. Wilson and J.W. Hastings, Bioluminescence, Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol. 14 (1998), 197-230. -
  61. [63][63] P.M. Winter, S.D. Caruthers, A. Kassner, T.D. Harris, L.K. Chinen, J.S. Allen, E.K. Lacy, H. Zhang, J.D. Robertson, S.A. Wickline and G.M. Lanza, Molecular imaging of angiogenesis in nascent Vx-2 rabbit tumors using a novel α v β 3 targeted nanoparticle and 1.5 tesla magnetic resonance imaging, Cancer Res. 63 (2003), 5838-5843. -
  62. [64][64] Y. Wu, X. Zhang, Z. Xiong, Z. Cheng, D.R. Fisher, S. Liu, S.S. Gambhir and X. Chen, MicroPET imaging of glioma integrin α V β 3 expression using 64 Cu-labeled tetrameric RGD peptide, J. Nucl. Med. 46 (2005), 1707-1718. -
  63. [65][65] M. Yang, L. Li, P. Jiang, A.R. Moossa, S. Penman and R.M. Hoffman, Dual-color fluorescence imaging distinguishes tumor cells from induced hostangiogenic vessels and stromal cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 (2003), 14259-14262. -
  64. [66][66] M. Yang, P. Jiang, N. Yamamoto, L. Li, J. Geller, A.R. Moossa and R.M. Hoffman, Real-time whole-body imaging of an orthotopic metastatic prostate cancer model expressing red fluorescent protein, Prostate 62 (2005), 374-379. -
  65. [67][67] H. Zaidi and B. Hasegawa, Determination of the attenuation map in emission tomography, J. Nucl. Med. 44 (2003), 291315. -
  66. [68][68] S.I. Ziegler, Instrumentation and data acquisition, in: Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine , C. Schiepers, ed., Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2000, pp. 221-236.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Koo, V., Hamilton, P. W., & Williamson, K.
Affiliations
Queen's University Belfast (GB)
Corresponding author
Koo, V.
Venue
Analytical Cellular Pathology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2006-01
Volume
28
Issue
4
Pages
127-139
ISSN
  • 0921-8912 (ISSN-L)
  • 2210-7177
  • 2210-7185
DOI
10.1155/2006/245619
PMC
PMC4617494
OpenAlex
W1587690368
Cited by
145
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 16
FWCI
7.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Analytical Cellular Pathology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
Keywords
in vivo molecular imaging, small animal models, cancer research, tumour modelling, metastasis detection, longitudinal imaging, translational drug development, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, bioluminescence imaging, fluorescence imaging, multimodal imaging
MeSH terms
Animals, Diagnostic Imaging, Fluorescent Dyes, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Models, Animal, Positron-Emission Tomography

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review