Circulating Cytokine Profiles and Their Relationships with Autoantibodies, Acute Phase Reactants, and Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Open accessAbstract
Our objective was to analyse the relationship between circulating cytokines, autoantibodies, acute phase reactants, and disease activity in DMARDs-naïve rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (n=140). All cytokines were significantly higher in the RA cohort than in healthy controls. Moderate-to-strong positive intercorrelations were observed between Th1/Th2/macrophage/fibroblast-derived cytokines. RF correlated significantly with IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF (P<.0001), and aCCP and aMCV with IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 (P<.0002), while IL-6 correlated best with the acute phase reactants, CRP, and SAA (P<.0001). In patients with a DAS28 score of ≥5.1, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, TNF, GM-CSF, and VEGF were significantly correlated (P<.04–.001) with high disease activity (HDA). Circulating cytokines in RA reflect a multifaceted increase in immune reactivity encompassing Th1 and Th2 cells, monocytes/macrophages, and synovial fibroblasts, underscored by strong correlations between these cytokines, as well as their relationships with RF, aCCP, and aMCV, with some cytokines showing promise as biomarkers of HDA.
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Many of the changes in the circulating proteome in people with Down syndrome are highly reminiscent of those observed in type I interferonopathies and other autoinflammatory conditions.
“Our study of the circulating proteome in people with DS, the largest and most comprehensive study of this kind reported to date, reveals that T21 causes profound immune dysregulation, with many of the changes being highly reminiscent of those observed in type I interferonopathies and other autoinflammatory conditions54,58–60,88 (Table 1).”
From Trisomy 21 causes changes in the circulating proteome indicative of chronic autoinflammation (2017) · cites this paper as [59]
The Results (§3.2; page unavailable) report broadly elevated circulating cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, supporting an inflammatory-condition example. The paper does not study Down syndrome or type I interferonopathies, or establish that many of their proteomic changes resemble those in rheumatoid arthritis. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Macrophage Polarization Comes of Age
Mantovani, Sica, & Locati, M. (2005) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.10.001 · Cited by 1,259 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The strong correlations of the Th2 cytokines, IL-4, and IL-10 [39], with those of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL12, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF, probably reflect the efforts of these cells to suppress the reactivity of their Th1 counterparts, and to redirect the phenotype and functions of…”
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C-reactive protein and implications in rheumatoid arthritis and associated comorbidities
Pope, J. E., & Choy, E. H. (2021) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.11.005 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Trisomy 21 causes changes in the circulating proteome indicative of chronic autoinflammation
Sullivan, K. D., Evans, D., Pandey, A., Hraha, T. H., Smith, K. P., Markham, N., Rachubinski, A. L., Wolter-Warmerdam, K., Hickey, F., Espinosa, J. M., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13858-3 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
- Authors
- Meyer, P. W. A., Hodkinson, B., Ally, M., Musenge, E., Wadee, A. A., Fickl, H., Tikly, M., & Anderson, R.
- Affiliations
- National Health Laboratory Service (ZA)
- University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
- University of Pretoria (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Anderson, Ronald
- ORCID
- Venue
- Mediators of Inflammation
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 2010
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 0962-9351 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-1861
- PMC
- PMC3061216
- OpenAlex
- W1991383646
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Mediators of Inflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- South African Medical Research Council
- National Health Laboratory Service Research Trust of South Africa
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment
- Keywords
- rheumatoid arthritis, serum cytokines, autoantibodies, rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP antibodies, anti-MCV antibodies, acute phase proteins, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, disease activity, high disease activity, interferon-gamma, IL-1β, interleukin-6, TNF-α, biomarkers, DMARD-naive patients
- MeSH terms
- Acute-Phase Proteins, Adult, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Autoantibodies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Cytokines, Disease Progression, Chemokines, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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