C-reactive protein and implications in rheumatoid arthritis and associated comorbidities
Open accessAbstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is routinely assessed as a marker of systemic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it is also an immune regulator that plays an important role in inflammatory pathways associated with RA and promotes atherogenic effects. Comorbidities linked to systemic inflammation are common in RA, and CRP has been associated with the risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, pulmonary diseases, and depression. The relationship between systemic inflammation, CRP, and comorbidities in RA is complex, and it is challenging to determine how changing CRP levels may affect the risk or progression of these comorbidities. We review the biological role of CRP in RA and its implications for disease activity and treatment response. We also discuss the impact of treatment on CRP levels and whether reducing systemic inflammation and inhibiting CRP-mediated inflammatory pathways may have an impact on conditions commonly comorbid with RA.
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Individuals affected with autoimmune disorders are more likely to display comorbid depressive symptomatology.
“Accordingly, it has been well documented that individual affected with autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, diabetes mellitus, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune thyroiditis) are more likely to display comorbid depressive symptomatology [17,18,19,20,21,22,23].”
From C-Reactive protein as a biomarker for major depressive disorder? (2022) · cites this paper as [22]
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Ammitzbøll, C. G., Steffensen, R., Bøgsted, M., Hørslev‐Petersen, K., Hetland, M. L., Junker, P., Johansen, J. S., Pødenphant, J., Østergaard, M., Ellingsen, T., et al. (2014) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13075-014-0475-3 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Gan, L., He, Y., Liu, L., Ou, Q., & Lin, J. (2018) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2018.08.028 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Park, Y., Cho, C., Emery, P., & Kim, W. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068975 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Impact of Changes in Inflammation on Estimated Ten‐Year Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Yu, Z., Yang, N., Everett, B. M., Frits, M. L., Iannaccone, C. K., Coblyn, J. S., Weinblatt, M. E., Shadick, N. A., Solomon, D. H., & Liao, K. P. (2018) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.40532 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Danila, M. I., Westfall, A. O., Raman, K., Chen, L., Reynolds, R. J., Hughes, L. B., Arnett, D. K., McGwin, G., Szalai, A. J., van der Heijde, D. M. F. M., et al. (2015) · Genes and Immunity · doi:10.1038/gene.2015.24 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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C-Reactive protein as a biomarker for major depressive disorder?
Orsolini, L., Pompili, S., Tempia Valenta, S., Salvi, V., & Volpe, U. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031616 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pope, J. E., & Choy, E. H.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Choy, Ernest H.
- Venue
- Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 219-229
- ISSN
- 0049-0172 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3112789381
- Cited by
- 320
- References
- 221
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 17
- FWCI
- 4.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Sanofi Genzyme
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- C-reactive protein, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic inflammation, comorbidities, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, lung disease, depression, disease activity, treatment response, atherogenic effects, inflammatory signaling
- MeSH terms
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Inflammation, Biomarkers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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