Endoplasmic reticulum is at the crossroads of autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis signaling pathways and participates in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus
Open accessAbstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, and its incidence is growing worldwide. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a central component of cellular functions and is involved in protein folding and trafficking, lipid synthesis, and maintenance of calcium homeostasis. The ER is also a sensor of both intra- and extracellular stress and thus participates in monitoring and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Therefore, the ER is one site of interaction between environmental signals and a cell’s biological function. The ER is tightly linked to autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis, and recent evidence suggests that these processes are related to the pathogenesis of DM and its complications. Thus, the ER has been considered an intersection integrating multiple stress responses and playing an important role in metabolism-related diseases including DM. Here, we review the relationship between the ER and autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis in DM to better understand the molecular mechanisms of this disease.
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Sustained ER stress and maladaptive IRE1α signaling amplify inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in diabetic states.
“Sustained ER stress and maladaptive IRE1α signaling amplify inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in diabetic states [245,246].”
From HIF inhibition: Current strategies and clinical challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [245]
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- Authors
- Su, J., Zhou, L., Kong, X., Yang, X., Xiang, X., Zhang, Y., Li, X., & Sun, L.
- Affiliations
- Jilin University (CN)
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine (CN)
- Wenzhou Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Sun, Liankun
- Venue
- Journal of Diabetes Research
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 2013
- Pages
- 1-6
- ISSN
- 2314-6745 (ISSN-L)
- 2314-6753
- PMC
- PMC3673337
- OpenAlex
- W2096850155
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Diabetes Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- 501100001809 National Natural Science Foundation of China (81272876, 81202552, 81200010)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Ion Channels and Receptors
- Keywords
- endoplasmic reticulum, diabetes mellitus, autophagy, inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response, calcium homeostasis, protein folding, lipogenesis, stress signaling, diabetes complications
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autophagy, Diabetes Mellitus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Humans, Inflammation, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis, Unfolded Protein Response, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
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