The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Risk Factors for Tuberculosis
Open accessAbstract
The risk of progression from exposure to the tuberculosis bacilli to the development of active disease is a two-stage process governed by both exogenous and endogenous risk factors. Exogenous factors play a key role in accentuating the progression from exposure to infection among which the bacillary load in the sputum and the proximity of an individual to an infectious TB case are key factors. Similarly endogenous factors lead in progression from infection to active TB disease. Along with well-established risk factors (such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malnutrition, and young age), emerging variables such as diabetes, indoor air pollution, alcohol, use of immunosuppressive drugs, and tobacco smoke play a significant role at both the individual and population level. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors are also shown to increase the susceptibility to infection. Specific groups such as health care workers and indigenous population are also at an increased risk of TB infection and disease. This paper summarizes these factors along with health system issues such as the effects of delay in diagnosis of TB in the transmission of the bacilli.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Sick individuals and sick populations
Rose, G. (2001) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/30.3.427 · Cited by 3,736
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation
Wang, H., Yu, M., Ochani, M., Amella, C. A., Tanovic, M., Susarla, S., Li, J. H., Wang, H., Yang, H., Ulloa, L., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01339 · Cited by 3,228
The Growing Burden of Tuberculosis: Global Trends and Interactions With the HIV Epidemic
Corbett, E. L., Watt, C. J., Walker, N., Maher, D., Williams, B. G., Raviglione, M. C., & Dye, C. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.9.1009 · Cited by 2,553
Global Prevalence of Diabetes: Estimates for the Year 2000 and Projections for 2030
Rathmann, W., & Giani, G. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.10.2568 · Cited by 1,994
Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge.
Bruce, N., Pérez‐Padilla, R., & Albalak, R. (2000) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1,589
Selwyn, P. A., Hartel, D., Lewis, V. A., Schoenbaum, E. E., Vermund, S. H., Klein, R. S., Walker, A. T., & Friedland, G. H. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198903023200901 · Cited by 1,574
Jeon, C. Y., & Murray, M. B. (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050152 · Cited by 1,486
Systematic Review: T-Cell–based Assays for the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: An Update
Pai, M., Zwerling, A., & Menzies, D. (2008) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-149-3-200808050-00241 · Cited by 1,339
Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system
Sopori, M. (2002) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri803 · Cited by 1,217
Drivers of tuberculosis epidemics: The role of risk factors and social determinants
Lönnroth, K., Jaramillo, E., Williams, B. G., Dye, C., & Raviglione, M. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.03.041 · Cited by 1,176
Cited by
Tschirhart, N., Sein, T., Nosten, F., & Foster, A. M. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160222 · Cited by 20
Mocanu, A.-I., Mocanu, H., Moldovan, C., Soare, I., Niculet, E., Tatu, A. L., Vasile, C. I., Diculencu, D., Postolache, P. A., & Nechifor, A. (2022) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s367885 · Cited by 18
Ma, J., Vongpradith, A., Ledesma, J. R., Novotney, A., Yi, S., Lim, K., Hay, S. I., Murray, C. J. L., & Kyu, H. H. (2022) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07891-5 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Narasimhan, P., Wood, J., MacIntyre, C. R., & Mathai, D.
- Venue
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 2013
- Pages
- 1-11
- ISSN
- 2090-1836 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-1844
- OpenAlex
- W2065550853
- Cited by
- 731
- References
- 105
- FWCI
- 21.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Risk Factors for Tuberculosis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1155/2013/828939
- The paper
- Narasimhan, P., Wood, J., MacIntyre, C. R., & Mathai, D. (2013). Risk Factors for Tuberculosis. Pulmonary Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/828939
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
